The Process Of Decision Making - 1910 Words

The process of decision making can be easily understood as selecting one course of action over other courses actions available. There are also steps that are involved in making decisions. These steps include: (1) pinpointing the problem; (2) identifying the cause; (3) setting objectives; (4) formulating alternative courses of action; (5) evaluating alternatives against organizational objectives; (6) choosing the best course of action; and (7) implementing and evaluating the decision (Holzer and Schwester 2011). Now while these mentioned steps of making decisions seem extensive they are generally how decisions are made. Also in decision making there are numerous amounts of models that emerge and try to explain how all decisions in administrations are made. With decision making comes actors who implement and enforce the results of these decisions. With regards to the topic intended for this essay, the actor is the American administration and their implementation of policies regarding t he recent outbreak of Ebola and how these administrators are enforcing policies with respect to the public. This paper specifically will revolve around Graham Allison’s three decision making models in his book Essence of Decision Making: Explaining Cuban Missile Crisis and the way his models analyze the decision making process. Allison’s three different models will give us different lenses to look at and analyze how the American administration is handling the Ebola situation here in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedDecision Making Process776 Words   |  4 Pages| Decision Making Process | Choosing a College | | | 3/19/2012 | | It is never easy to make decisions in life, especially life changing decisions. The decision making process is a very difficult process that is used by everyone in one way or another. Some people may alter the decision making process in order to fit their own needs and their own personal circumstances, but there is a model that has been provided in order to show the basic steps. The decision making process modelRead MoreDecision Making Process1454 Words   |  6 PagesYou are a senior manager of â€Å"X† Ltd. You have to take a major decision. Discuss what decision you are making and all the factors you are going to consider. How you are going to make the decision? | | Unilever today is a trusted name in both Bangladesh and other parts of the world. Listening to the people, who buy our products, helped us to grow into one of the world s most successful consumer goods companies. In fact, 150 million times a day, someone somewhere chooses a Unilever product. In theRead MoreThe Decision-Making Process2267 Words   |  10 PagesTraditional Decision-Making Process 1 Making Rational Decisions 2 Problem Definition-Rational 3 Identify Decision Criteria-Rational 3 Weight the Criteria-Rational 3 Generate the Alternatives-Rational 4 Evaluate the Alternatives-Rational 4 Select the Optimal Solution-Rational 4 Making â€Å"Good Enough† Decisions 4 Making Intuitive Decisions 4 Making Creative Decisions 5 Global Decision Making 5 Ethical Decision Making 5 Key Aspects of the Management Process 6 Decision-Making in Today’s ChangingRead MoreDecision Making Process2237 Words   |  9 PagesDECISION-MAKING PROCESS: Decision-making process is a six step process. The stages can be summarized as: (1) identifying and diagnosing the problem, (2) generating alternative solutions, (3) evaluating alternatives, (4) choosing the best alternative, (5) implementing the decisions, and (6) evaluating the results. Identifying and diagnosing the problem The first stage of decision-making is identifying and diagnosing a problem or opportunity. An opportunity is a special type of problem that requiredRead MoreEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process5155 Words   |  21 PagesEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process Contribution to the JSCOPE 2000 Conference â€Å"Moral Considerations in Military Decision Making†. Dr. D. (Desiree) Verweij Lieutenant Colonel G.A.A.M. (Gà ©rard) Cloà ¯n (drs.) Major E.C. (Erhan) Tanercan MED (drs.) E-mail: ilmo@army.disp.mindef.nl Tel: +31 76 527 46 53 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +31 76 527 46 53 end_of_the_skype_highlighting Introduction A great deal hasRead MoreThe Decision Making Process Of Consumers Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction One of the important objective of marketers is to identify and understand the purchase decision maker. Understanding them helps the marketers in various fields from product manufacturing process to developing a good marketing strategy. The focus of the review of the research is to understand the decision making process by focussing on family buying decision or role of gender in family buying decision. Over the last few years, the pattern of family has changed a lot. Changing are occurring inRead MoreDecision-making Process of Teens786 Words   |  3 PagesTeens often have questionable decisions, baffling adults with how they had come up with those choices. The effects of peers, emotions, and parents in a teen’s decision process. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, a play by William Shakespeare, teens displayed sudden decisions without the thought of consequences. Teenagers get the opportunity to test their abilities through risks to discover themselves. Decisions do not appea r automatically, stemming from a series of events taken place in the brainRead MoreOrganization Decision Making Process1052 Words   |  4 PagesAn organization continually makes decisions at all levels. Until the past decade, most organizations and their managers and employees operated in an information and knowledge fog, making decisions based on best guesses about the past and present, and making expensive errors in the process. Many have failed throughout the course trying to improve the decision making process, there are many ways that contribute to the failure. Organizations can easily miss the market, by not having the right intelligenceRead MoreThe Process of Decision Making Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesgood way. Decision making process is the one of the behavior in human organizational behavior. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2000), â€Å"decision making a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs†. Decision making is a linear process and it includes six steps such as identifying the problems, gather and evaluate data, list and evaluate alternatives, select best action, implement the decision and getterRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process923 Words   |  4 PagesDecision making is identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, find solutions for the problem and decide the solution for the problem. This is the army definition of Decision making. â€Å"Decision making is knowing if to decide, then when and what to decide. It includes understanding the consequence of decisions.†(FM101-5) The military decision-making process (MDMP) is â€Å"An iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation

The Freedom Of Speech And Democratic Rights - 1637 Words

Legal membership is essential in a country in order for citizens to enjoy the rights, responsibilities and equity the country has to offer. Many nations across the world have some type of citizenship model which allows the individuals of a country to enact their political and legal rights destined to them from birth simply because they are human beings and citizens of such countries. Political and legal rights are protected and known as first generation negative rights; they include the rights fundamental to political and legal freedoms. They include political freedoms such as freedom of speech and democratic voting rights as well as legal rights involving habeas corpus and equality before the law. Together these rights guarantee open democratic participation and protect individuals from the abuse of excessive power of the state and other larger groups. Throughout Australian history the recognition of Indigenous rights have been construed to a large extent. Although Indigenous Austra lians still struggle in achieving equal political and legal rights, the recognition of such rights for the indigenous people have improved and grown substantially as this essay will prove to show the key event steps which have led and made for the implementation of equality in political and legal rights for indigenous Australians. The beginning of the 1960’s sparked as a step in the achievement of basic rights for the aboriginal people. Though the key fundamental stepping stone in recognisingShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech On Free Speech Rights1181 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Students and their right to free speech have been debated for decades. Public schools have been challenged on many occasions for denying students their First Amendment right. Over the years the courts have ruled in favor of students and school districts. Outcomes of these rulings have varied according to the nature and extent of the student speech in question. This paper will discuss different interpretations of free speech rights for students under the Constitution’s First AmendmentRead MoreThe Freedom Of The Press1124 Words   |  5 Pagesof Rights. This Bill of Rights essentially protects Americans from the government. Among the ten original amendments, the first amendment is often looked at as one of the most important, protecting the right to practice religion, to assemble, to petition the government, and the freedom of the press. The protection of these rights is essential to help maintain the United States a free and democratic country. I believe the most important rig hts are the right to practice religion and the freedom ofRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech, And Gun Ownership Rights1665 Words   |  7 Pageshomosexual rights, freedom of speech, and gun ownership rights. The Democratic Party is seen to be liberal political party. Looking on my views I do believe to see myself as a more democratic thinker even though there are a few things that do line up with the republican side. With all three of these topics that we are talking about it really makes me realize what all the ups and the dons are with each of these topics. Gun ownership rights that democrats believe in is the individual s right to bearRead MoreThe Importance of the First Amendment of the United States’ Bill of Rights for Democratic Government and its Citizens787 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant rights of the people to maintain a connected society right to speech should be accepted to do so. The first amendment is one of the most fundamental rights that individuals have. It is fundamental to the existence of democracy and the respect of human dignity. This amendment describes the principal rights of the citizens of the United States. If the citizens were unable to criticize the government, it would be impossible to regulate order. By looking freedom of speech there is also freedom ofRead MoreThe Delicate Balance of Regulating Freedom of Speech806 Words   |  3 PagesIs the Freedom of the press really â€Å"free† when it comes bearing stipulations and regulations? Should we as citizens then live as a democratic society wh ere freedom of speech and press is completely unregulated? For those readers who say yes, would you then be willing to legalize types of speech like slander or defamation of character and reputation? This is precisely the tricky and delicate balance that democratic societies like the United States often have to weigh in which different social valuesRead MoreComparative Analysis Of The Press And Its Role On Civil Liberties1378 Words   |  6 PagesBaylee Bell PSCI 2012 Professor Carew Boulding 2 December 2014 Freedom of the Press and its Role on Civil Liberties: A Comparative Analysis of Democracy in China and Japan Two of the greatest powers in the modern world are China and Japan. 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In an authoritarian state, howeverRead MoreIn The United States All Citizens Hav e A Guaranteed Right1437 Words   |  6 PagesStates all citizens have a guaranteed right to express their thoughts and ideas to a certain extent that is. Under the First Amendment in the Constitution it states that the people have the ability to speak freely. Free speech is a concept that has different variations as to how expansive it should be and can be discussed by four individuals with differing theories on the justification for this right. The four theories are the Utility of Truth by Mill, Democratic Self Government by Alexander MeicklejohnRead MoreFreedom of Speech Mill and Freiberg1505 Words   |  7 PagesMEANINGFUL FREEDOM Freedom of speech is the key element of the real democracies. Freedom of speech is also concerned to the idea that people can speak freely without being stopped, or censored. 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Facilities Management Theory and Practice

Questions: 1. It has been said that perception is reality since what we perceive is what we then accept as reality and as fact. Do you think that this is the case with Great Wall Motors? Is the perception that some consumers have that the vehicles are of relatively low-quality accurate? Is it worsened by the asbestos situation? 2. Do you think that Ateco handled the asbestos problem appropriately? Provide support for your response. 3. What other options could organisations take when faced with a major public relations (PR) problem such as the one which currently confronts Ateco and their Great Wall and Chery brands? 4. Toyotas stereotype of providing a high-quality vehicle was only slightly tarnished by a safety recall for their Hilux Ute in 2010. Are stereotypes always true? How can we manage in ways that lessen the negative impacts of the stereotypes that we hold of other individuals, groups, organisations or brands, especially if the stereotype has no real basis in reality? Answer: 1. Perception is reality, this underling statement states the true corner to the human recognition. Many people have their own set of viewing and actualizing things. They only believe after they perceive it and believe after they get into the real facts. This is a natural tendency that these days motor and vehicles have set their privilege claiming more about their speculations and diving into the chances of upliftment. This characterization of people has a sense of virtual and real concept evoking due to the base of scaling factor. As seen the present scenario of branding and model of cars rear view of stationing in the market is more than a buzz world. In this case it is absolutely sure that this forwardness to take perception as reality was found with Great Wall Motors too (Anderson et al, 2015). People were much affected with the growing stream of Australian Cars leading motors that it their ideas went like a constant praise among the owners all around the country. Taking into picture the facts about new and upcoming cars like Great Wall Ute China that consumer found was momentarily a chosen frame of pleasing. Because of many lining trending brand name aroused out of China new market and bundling in Australia made a great distinction to the showcase (Berg et al, 2015). It also enlarged its dimension offering safety, technology, reassurance and reliability standards of services thus inhabiting critical minds among the consumers. Here we see the company Ateco distributing this low priced Chinese brands; the Great Wall Ute (Berg et al, 2015). Being under the same privilege that the owner had found concerning the dealership making rose up to a high level giving satisfaction to many riders. Seeing its rapid growth led to the distinct thinking upon the consumers that it represents a good dealing to health and safety (Hislop, 2013). Now regarding the perception that some consumers have that vehicles are of relatively low quality is true. This can be noted of the fact concerning one of the buyers named Toby Hagon, the motoring writer. His experience was accompanied by a rather dissatisfaction statement. This belief came up when various problems were encountered after purchasing the vehicle (Haddow, Bullock Coppola, 2013). The vehicle had to undergo certain defect in to door seals, dysfunctional cup holder, in operational parking sensors and missing number plate. Again the engine showing a relatively low power and needed regular change of gears was faced by Hagon (Alvesson Willmott, 2012). Further it is found that the engine and exhaust system contained elements of asbestos that were harmful for the functioning of cars. They pose a threat to the safety and health issues and are harmful for having a safe drive (Runyon, 2013). This situation steadily worsens Hagon since he had to sell his car leading to this difficult arrival of asbestos issues. 2. This answer could be stated here after considering the case of Toby Hagon buying the Great Wall Motor X240. As per his experience he had to face difficulties with the car leading to repair and many other bunch of maintenance. It is been seen that asbestos were found in the engine and exhaust system of the car thus leading to functional dysfunctioning. It also highlighted many other issues like slipping door seals, in operational parking sensors and missing number plate cover (Dorfman Cather, 2012). In case of asbestos problem the issues was reflected among any consumer. Now the company that sold this brand was Ateco. He had many distributions in Australia and knowing to the fact that this problem had arisen because of defect in manufacturing of car parts, necessary remedies did arouse. Now to properly recognise the issue with asbestos is a serious concern and is likely that most Australians had to face. In order to resolve this serious problem the company decided to put far of the trouble. After discovering this issue of asbestos serious supplication efforts were carried out. Ateco tried to change the engine component by changing the supplier parts on all new cars that were imported from China (Chance Brooks, 2015). This had however solved half of the issue pressing to the adjustment of working responding to settle down the problem. It however recovered the underlined statement that asked covering up the demands among the consumer handling to Ute X240 China cars. However, even after the swift respond to the problem Ateco did not properly handled the situation. It was accounted that even after letting continuous effort over replacement of car parts the change was not hidden and made a major threat to the contingency of the company. This was because the company did not inform the general public regarding the issue and made it under private concern (Walker Walker, 2012). This misstatement raised to the put forth many misleading effect among Australian seeing that asbestos pose a sensitive problem to which people might be affected with lethal disease mostly due to the continuous expose of car parts in the road. After more and more compensation funds for the victims of asbestos were arising and people those who posed threats were being support for damage that asbestos could cause. As the reality were shown at straight noting the claiming made by Ateco regarding the lethal substances used in the manufacturing and industrial materials (Dorfman Cather, 2012). Thus positioning the great sarcastic damage occurred could not be properly settled and people still had dismays regarding the assurance of cars notwithstanding to safety engines. This possibly mean that due to the negligence and poor built in materials the harness could lead Ateco meet its crisis noting a verge insignificant among peoples point of view (Dorfman Cather, 2012). It is hard cause to discuss that no matter what whether the company had broken any of the Australians law, people were asked to meet this resolve the issue in their own accord. 3. The problem faced between Ateco and their Great Wall and Chery brands laid to a disastrous end. In public opinion there were issues that could not be directly manageable. Now since China manufactured the cars having low standards and quality and after this issue was revealed among the customer, the reassurance claim that Ateco had pressed got tarnished. Knowing to the situation that Ateco had faced in this regard to asbestos handling met to demand public opinion (Walker Walker, 2012). Since the company tried to recall the response without revealing the problem to the general public it vast the knowledge and focus to turn from people perception about the brand and model. Again the manufacturing and industrial material equipment were of low quality made with lethal substance, it is evident that it would be a threat to the sale of product reducing the chances of gaining effective ranking in the market. If this situation is reflected with any organization, the main options that can be taken should meet people acceptance to the known prior statement to the public and need assurance among the people perception. One option that is considered for the general procedure of conducting is admitting for an apology in accordance to the distribution of faulty components (Chance Brooks, 2015). Since this is a concern about safety and health issues this major issue need to be overcome through replacing all component with similar new component with quality proof material and other related seen faults. This would require a sincere apology followed by the required overcoming steps that the organization should do behalf to meet the desired sentiments of public. Since public relations allow the recommendation from organization and take primitive surety to deal with people in the most convincing manner. It also has to bring back the companys prestige and in order to do that it must ask for look for diverse effect that indulges with protecting the image of the organization. The demand of the consumer must be fetched retrieving the positive perception and gain customer base. This will surely change the dimension of product process and other requirement opting to material and manufacturing issue and then trending as per the current market challenging its future prospect and moving in its realistic approach making decision (Canali, 2016). This will relate to the facts how public relation will feature hold to the changing new idea making revealing the adoption of the organization and coping with neutral analysis. This current development to ask a better vital effort is risk undertaking. This will however develop a bridge retaining full participati on of marketing mix through the framework of car component best fixing it in real terms. 4. This question reflects to the stereotype function and makeup and shape so as to develop a critical thinking amongst the people. Here the Toyota is renowned because of the high quality vehicle making. It has led to change the dimension of people perception leading to a branded manufacturer and producer (Walker Walker, 2012). The development areas are most targeting the peoples beliefs and motifs that will otherwise guarantee to retain best in market. People have accepted Toyota with a tactical view of satisfaction and assurance. Their radical decision is accompanied with showing of interest to bring a change in the market scenario where they show their participation (Chance Brooks, 2015). Now it can be confirmed that stereotypes are not always true. This is because of the facts that they do not convey the real message otherwise bringing a virtual image in people minds. In this case it is seen the partial reflection of this term when trying to tarnish the Toyota in order to recall the safety orientation for Hilux Ute (Bozarth Handfield, 2016). This case points to the effective utilization of stereotype function and putting in the break ends of rejuvenating the concept to form the Hilux Ute. In order to manage the impact building ways to press designed principles and ethical decisions either individual, group, organizations or brands will be affected. They have come as an ascent scope in determining their radical effort to show their directive towards proposing this statement (Alvesson Willmott, 2012). Moreover, even after knowing that stereotypes have no basis in reality they pose a handling measure to acknowledge the standards of the marketplace. The improving tactics will require presenting a highly peak statement that will maximize the need for recognizing the facts. Now that safety handlings are meant for increasing customer perception bringing good rapport and assurance, this measure will help in redefining the acquired knowledge among the audience. In case of individual they look for costs and enhancement, whereas groups always want for additional changes when procured seek for benefits overall. Organizations have rather a rational thought bringing about the prosperity and thus seek good branding and relevant changes to marketing and strategy making (Berg et al, 2015). Brands however opt for advertising and name promoting which is the result of new updates and serving the customer with innovative featuring and branding styles. Thus stereotype act as an assured factor that pr oduct production will brief the renewing analysis and its management. Changes in peoples perception would ultimately diverse the peaks and fronts of audience taste letting them come into the real adversity to indulge with (Huong Thi, 2015). References Alexander, K., 2013.Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Alvesson, M. and Willmott, H., 2012.Making sense of management: A critical introduction. Sage. Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015.An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Berg, D., Mani, H.S., Marinakis, Y.G., Tierney, R. and Walsh, S., 2015. An introduction to Management of Technology pedagogy (andragogy).Technological forecasting and social change,100, pp.1-4. Bozarth, C.B. and Handfield, R.B., 2016.Introduction to operations and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Bhimani, A., Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Stratton, W.O. and Schatzberg, J., 2013.Introduction to Management Accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Canali, S., 2016. SOILVEG. Improving soil conservation and resource use in organic cropping systems for vegetable production through introduction and management of Agro-ecological Service Crops (ASC). Chance, D.M. and Brooks, R., 2015.Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Dorfman, M.S. and Cather, D.A., 2012.Introduction to risk management and insurance. Pearson Higher Ed. Haddow, G., Bullock, J. and Coppola, D.P., 2013.Introduction to emergency management. Butterworth-Heinemann. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Huong, H. and Thi, T., 2015. Management control process introduction and its reflection in Vietnam and Spain busines entities. Martin-Albarracin, V.L., Nuez, M.A. and Amico, G.C., 2015. Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park.PeerJ,3, p.e1328. Runyon, B.A., 2013. Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012.Hepatology,57(4), pp.1651-1653. Snyder, R., 2013. Lets burn them all: Reflections on the learning-inhibitory nature of Introduction to Management and Introduction to Organizational Behavior textbooks.Journal of Management Education, p.1052562913502481. Walker, J.R. and Walker, J.T., 2012.Introduction to hospitality management. Pearson Higher Ed. Wilkinson, A., Wood, G. and Demirbag, M., 2015. Erratum: Guest Editors Introduction: People Management and Emerging Market Multinationals.Human Resource Management,54(1), pp.175-175.

What is an ethical choice

Introduction All of us make choices each and every day. A number of our picks are sensible choices concerning what is going to turn out most excellent, in various ways. Those choices do not essentially entail to be correct or incorrect. They are all about effectiveness, accessibility, realism or inclination.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is an ethical choice? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But then, a lot of our decisions touch on doing the right thing. Every one of these decisions entails thousands of points spinning within the brain. In a blink of an eye the human mind evaluates the details, looks at one’s thoughts, assesses the probable outcome(s), weighs the alternatives against one’s convictions and priorities, mulls over what other persons may think, and offers the cue for action (Arizona Character Education Foundation, 2010). Choices take place so fast but the end result(s) could sta y put for a lifetime. This is the reason as to why watchful deliberation is vital. It establishes the course of virtually every aspect of human life, and thus, the importance that ethical choosing holds. Ethics is a division of philosophy that concentrates on integrity. Integrity encompasses various ideas such as good and evil, right and wrong, etcetera. Ethics and ethical choice(s) Ethics refers to a band of values that guides people on the way in which they should go about in making various choices. There is no single individual with strong personality who goes about minus a code of morals. An ethical choice involves one doing more that he or she has to do. It is choosing to do what one has to do. Since operating with honor at times means not doing what one would like to do, ethical choices call for self-discipline (Miller, 2009, p. 34). An ethical choice entails making out the disparity between right and wrong. It is a dedication to do all that is right, respectable and principle d. It involves one asking themselves whether they are ready to bear the price for going ahead with an unethical decision.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The right or the ethical choice calls for guts. This is because it can cost an individual more in acquaintance, wealth, stature or gratification as opposed to what he or she may be willing to part with. The ethical decision is not normally the easiest way to go, however, getting used to saying no when one feels like saying yes builds character. How ethical choices are made Ethical choices require time and measured deliberation. To begin with, one has to reflect on the effect of his or her actions on all those involved and/or will be impinged on by the decision. Essentially, one has to establish whoever probably stands to be assisted or hurt, with the main aim being to ensure fairness to all. There are quite a number of basic rules for l ife and they include; trust, respect, accountability, evenhandedness, and caring, among others. An ethical choice involves the decision-maker questioning whether the choice taken is trustworthy, respectful, responsible, and caring (Arizona Character Education Foundation, 2010). Ethical choices which take into account the mentioned values outweigh and take precedence over unethical ones. The long term outweighs the short term. Once all these steps are followed and one is still uncertain if they will be making an ethical choice, then one would rather opt for the alternative that will turn out the majority good for a majority of people. To do away with unethical choices one is required to ignore matters having nothing to do with ethics for instance authority and fame and go with the most moral alternative left. Reference List Arizona Character Education Foundation. (2010). Making Ethical Decisions. Web. Miller, C. (2009). The Conditions of Moral Realism. The Journal of Philosophical Re search, 34.1: 123-155. Print. This essay on What is an ethical choice? was written and submitted by user Anderson Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.