The Process Of Decision Making - 1910 Words

The process of decision making can be easily understood as selecting one course of action over other courses actions available. There are also steps that are involved in making decisions. These steps include: (1) pinpointing the problem; (2) identifying the cause; (3) setting objectives; (4) formulating alternative courses of action; (5) evaluating alternatives against organizational objectives; (6) choosing the best course of action; and (7) implementing and evaluating the decision (Holzer and Schwester 2011). Now while these mentioned steps of making decisions seem extensive they are generally how decisions are made. Also in decision making there are numerous amounts of models that emerge and try to explain how all decisions in administrations are made. With decision making comes actors who implement and enforce the results of these decisions. With regards to the topic intended for this essay, the actor is the American administration and their implementation of policies regarding t he recent outbreak of Ebola and how these administrators are enforcing policies with respect to the public. This paper specifically will revolve around Graham Allison’s three decision making models in his book Essence of Decision Making: Explaining Cuban Missile Crisis and the way his models analyze the decision making process. Allison’s three different models will give us different lenses to look at and analyze how the American administration is handling the Ebola situation here in the UnitedShow MoreRelatedDecision Making Process776 Words   |  4 Pages| Decision Making Process | Choosing a College | | | 3/19/2012 | | It is never easy to make decisions in life, especially life changing decisions. The decision making process is a very difficult process that is used by everyone in one way or another. Some people may alter the decision making process in order to fit their own needs and their own personal circumstances, but there is a model that has been provided in order to show the basic steps. The decision making process modelRead MoreDecision Making Process1454 Words   |  6 PagesYou are a senior manager of â€Å"X† Ltd. You have to take a major decision. Discuss what decision you are making and all the factors you are going to consider. How you are going to make the decision? | | Unilever today is a trusted name in both Bangladesh and other parts of the world. Listening to the people, who buy our products, helped us to grow into one of the world s most successful consumer goods companies. In fact, 150 million times a day, someone somewhere chooses a Unilever product. In theRead MoreThe Decision-Making Process2267 Words   |  10 PagesTraditional Decision-Making Process 1 Making Rational Decisions 2 Problem Definition-Rational 3 Identify Decision Criteria-Rational 3 Weight the Criteria-Rational 3 Generate the Alternatives-Rational 4 Evaluate the Alternatives-Rational 4 Select the Optimal Solution-Rational 4 Making â€Å"Good Enough† Decisions 4 Making Intuitive Decisions 4 Making Creative Decisions 5 Global Decision Making 5 Ethical Decision Making 5 Key Aspects of the Management Process 6 Decision-Making in Today’s ChangingRead MoreDecision Making Process2237 Words   |  9 PagesDECISION-MAKING PROCESS: Decision-making process is a six step process. The stages can be summarized as: (1) identifying and diagnosing the problem, (2) generating alternative solutions, (3) evaluating alternatives, (4) choosing the best alternative, (5) implementing the decisions, and (6) evaluating the results. Identifying and diagnosing the problem The first stage of decision-making is identifying and diagnosing a problem or opportunity. An opportunity is a special type of problem that requiredRead MoreEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process5155 Words   |  21 PagesEthical Decision-Making in the Military Decision-Making Process Contribution to the JSCOPE 2000 Conference â€Å"Moral Considerations in Military Decision Making†. Dr. D. (Desiree) Verweij Lieutenant Colonel G.A.A.M. (Gà ©rard) Cloà ¯n (drs.) Major E.C. (Erhan) Tanercan MED (drs.) E-mail: ilmo@army.disp.mindef.nl Tel: +31 76 527 46 53 begin_of_the_skype_highlighting +31 76 527 46 53 end_of_the_skype_highlighting Introduction A great deal hasRead MoreThe Decision Making Process Of Consumers Essay1679 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction One of the important objective of marketers is to identify and understand the purchase decision maker. Understanding them helps the marketers in various fields from product manufacturing process to developing a good marketing strategy. The focus of the review of the research is to understand the decision making process by focussing on family buying decision or role of gender in family buying decision. Over the last few years, the pattern of family has changed a lot. Changing are occurring inRead MoreDecision-making Process of Teens786 Words   |  3 PagesTeens often have questionable decisions, baffling adults with how they had come up with those choices. The effects of peers, emotions, and parents in a teen’s decision process. In The Tragedy of Romeo and Juliet, a play by William Shakespeare, teens displayed sudden decisions without the thought of consequences. Teenagers get the opportunity to test their abilities through risks to discover themselves. Decisions do not appea r automatically, stemming from a series of events taken place in the brainRead MoreOrganization Decision Making Process1052 Words   |  4 PagesAn organization continually makes decisions at all levels. Until the past decade, most organizations and their managers and employees operated in an information and knowledge fog, making decisions based on best guesses about the past and present, and making expensive errors in the process. Many have failed throughout the course trying to improve the decision making process, there are many ways that contribute to the failure. Organizations can easily miss the market, by not having the right intelligenceRead MoreThe Process of Decision Making Essay1122 Words   |  5 Pagesgood way. Decision making process is the one of the behavior in human organizational behavior. According to McShane and Von Glinow (2000), â€Å"decision making a conscious process of making choices among one or more alternatives with the intention of moving toward some desired state of affairs†. Decision making is a linear process and it includes six steps such as identifying the problems, gather and evaluate data, list and evaluate alternatives, select best action, implement the decision and getterRead MoreThe Military Decision Making Process923 Words   |  4 PagesDecision making is identifying the problem, analyzing the problem, find solutions for the problem and decide the solution for the problem. This is the army definition of Decision making. â€Å"Decision making is knowing if to decide, then when and what to decide. It includes understanding the consequence of decisions.†(FM101-5) The military decision-making process (MDMP) is â€Å"An iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation

The Freedom Of Speech And Democratic Rights - 1637 Words

Legal membership is essential in a country in order for citizens to enjoy the rights, responsibilities and equity the country has to offer. Many nations across the world have some type of citizenship model which allows the individuals of a country to enact their political and legal rights destined to them from birth simply because they are human beings and citizens of such countries. Political and legal rights are protected and known as first generation negative rights; they include the rights fundamental to political and legal freedoms. They include political freedoms such as freedom of speech and democratic voting rights as well as legal rights involving habeas corpus and equality before the law. Together these rights guarantee open democratic participation and protect individuals from the abuse of excessive power of the state and other larger groups. Throughout Australian history the recognition of Indigenous rights have been construed to a large extent. Although Indigenous Austra lians still struggle in achieving equal political and legal rights, the recognition of such rights for the indigenous people have improved and grown substantially as this essay will prove to show the key event steps which have led and made for the implementation of equality in political and legal rights for indigenous Australians. The beginning of the 1960’s sparked as a step in the achievement of basic rights for the aboriginal people. Though the key fundamental stepping stone in recognisingShow MoreRelatedPersuasive Speech On Free Speech Rights1181 Words   |  5 PagesIntroduction Students and their right to free speech have been debated for decades. Public schools have been challenged on many occasions for denying students their First Amendment right. Over the years the courts have ruled in favor of students and school districts. Outcomes of these rulings have varied according to the nature and extent of the student speech in question. This paper will discuss different interpretations of free speech rights for students under the Constitution’s First AmendmentRead MoreThe Freedom Of The Press1124 Words   |  5 Pagesof Rights. This Bill of Rights essentially protects Americans from the government. Among the ten original amendments, the first amendment is often looked at as one of the most important, protecting the right to practice religion, to assemble, to petition the government, and the freedom of the press. The protection of these rights is essential to help maintain the United States a free and democratic country. I believe the most important rig hts are the right to practice religion and the freedom ofRead MoreThe Freedom Of Speech, And Gun Ownership Rights1665 Words   |  7 Pageshomosexual rights, freedom of speech, and gun ownership rights. The Democratic Party is seen to be liberal political party. Looking on my views I do believe to see myself as a more democratic thinker even though there are a few things that do line up with the republican side. With all three of these topics that we are talking about it really makes me realize what all the ups and the dons are with each of these topics. Gun ownership rights that democrats believe in is the individual s right to bearRead MoreThe Importance of the First Amendment of the United States’ Bill of Rights for Democratic Government and its Citizens787 Words   |  4 Pagesimportant rights of the people to maintain a connected society right to speech should be accepted to do so. The first amendment is one of the most fundamental rights that individuals have. It is fundamental to the existence of democracy and the respect of human dignity. This amendment describes the principal rights of the citizens of the United States. If the citizens were unable to criticize the government, it would be impossible to regulate order. By looking freedom of speech there is also freedom ofRead MoreThe Delicate Balance of Regulating Freedom of Speech806 Words   |  3 PagesIs the Freedom of the press really â€Å"free† when it comes bearing stipulations and regulations? Should we as citizens then live as a democratic society wh ere freedom of speech and press is completely unregulated? For those readers who say yes, would you then be willing to legalize types of speech like slander or defamation of character and reputation? This is precisely the tricky and delicate balance that democratic societies like the United States often have to weigh in which different social valuesRead MoreComparative Analysis Of The Press And Its Role On Civil Liberties1378 Words   |  6 PagesBaylee Bell PSCI 2012 Professor Carew Boulding 2 December 2014 Freedom of the Press and its Role on Civil Liberties: A Comparative Analysis of Democracy in China and Japan Two of the greatest powers in the modern world are China and Japan. Both countries have dealt with civil unrest and violence to establish the governments that exist today, and both maintain status as major economic powers in the modern global trade markets. Located a mere 1000 miles apart, these two countries share many similaritiesRead MoreA Leader : A Great Deal Of Criticism From Politicians, Media, And Politics1494 Words   |  6 Pagesalike. Accordingly, no leader is faced with more opposition and scrutiny than the leader of a nation. How the leader responds to this criticism varies greatly across the world, depending on what type of government is instilled in that nation. In a democratic state, such as the United States, the President can do virtually nothing to silence his critics and opposition. This is apparent on the numerous news channels and in editorial opinion pieces printed in newspapers. In an authoritarian state, howeverRead MoreIn The United States All Citizens Hav e A Guaranteed Right1437 Words   |  6 PagesStates all citizens have a guaranteed right to express their thoughts and ideas to a certain extent that is. Under the First Amendment in the Constitution it states that the people have the ability to speak freely. Free speech is a concept that has different variations as to how expansive it should be and can be discussed by four individuals with differing theories on the justification for this right. The four theories are the Utility of Truth by Mill, Democratic Self Government by Alexander MeicklejohnRead MoreFreedom of Speech Mill and Freiberg1505 Words   |  7 PagesMEANINGFUL FREEDOM Freedom of speech is the key element of the real democracies. Freedom of speech is also concerned to the idea that people can speak freely without being stopped, or censored. Freedom of speech is briefly hallmark of democracy because democracy is based on independent thoughts of people. In a democratic society people are allowed to express their views freely and peacefully. There will be no democracy if freedom of speech isnt granted to people. Where there is freedom ofRead MoreDemocracy Is A System Of Rule By People Of Wealth803 Words   |  4 Pagesthe Open to Debate,†Natural that an elite class will develop to which the masses will defer. This is what has happened in all societies under all governments tried up until that time and this is what will develop in the new government despite its democratic pretensions. The Federalist essentially argued that the common man is not adequately informed about politics and government or is simply not capable of governing. On e must therefore be hesitant about giving too much power to the masses.†( Braunwarth

Facilities Management Theory and Practice

Questions: 1. It has been said that perception is reality since what we perceive is what we then accept as reality and as fact. Do you think that this is the case with Great Wall Motors? Is the perception that some consumers have that the vehicles are of relatively low-quality accurate? Is it worsened by the asbestos situation? 2. Do you think that Ateco handled the asbestos problem appropriately? Provide support for your response. 3. What other options could organisations take when faced with a major public relations (PR) problem such as the one which currently confronts Ateco and their Great Wall and Chery brands? 4. Toyotas stereotype of providing a high-quality vehicle was only slightly tarnished by a safety recall for their Hilux Ute in 2010. Are stereotypes always true? How can we manage in ways that lessen the negative impacts of the stereotypes that we hold of other individuals, groups, organisations or brands, especially if the stereotype has no real basis in reality? Answer: 1. Perception is reality, this underling statement states the true corner to the human recognition. Many people have their own set of viewing and actualizing things. They only believe after they perceive it and believe after they get into the real facts. This is a natural tendency that these days motor and vehicles have set their privilege claiming more about their speculations and diving into the chances of upliftment. This characterization of people has a sense of virtual and real concept evoking due to the base of scaling factor. As seen the present scenario of branding and model of cars rear view of stationing in the market is more than a buzz world. In this case it is absolutely sure that this forwardness to take perception as reality was found with Great Wall Motors too (Anderson et al, 2015). People were much affected with the growing stream of Australian Cars leading motors that it their ideas went like a constant praise among the owners all around the country. Taking into picture the facts about new and upcoming cars like Great Wall Ute China that consumer found was momentarily a chosen frame of pleasing. Because of many lining trending brand name aroused out of China new market and bundling in Australia made a great distinction to the showcase (Berg et al, 2015). It also enlarged its dimension offering safety, technology, reassurance and reliability standards of services thus inhabiting critical minds among the consumers. Here we see the company Ateco distributing this low priced Chinese brands; the Great Wall Ute (Berg et al, 2015). Being under the same privilege that the owner had found concerning the dealership making rose up to a high level giving satisfaction to many riders. Seeing its rapid growth led to the distinct thinking upon the consumers that it represents a good dealing to health and safety (Hislop, 2013). Now regarding the perception that some consumers have that vehicles are of relatively low quality is true. This can be noted of the fact concerning one of the buyers named Toby Hagon, the motoring writer. His experience was accompanied by a rather dissatisfaction statement. This belief came up when various problems were encountered after purchasing the vehicle (Haddow, Bullock Coppola, 2013). The vehicle had to undergo certain defect in to door seals, dysfunctional cup holder, in operational parking sensors and missing number plate. Again the engine showing a relatively low power and needed regular change of gears was faced by Hagon (Alvesson Willmott, 2012). Further it is found that the engine and exhaust system contained elements of asbestos that were harmful for the functioning of cars. They pose a threat to the safety and health issues and are harmful for having a safe drive (Runyon, 2013). This situation steadily worsens Hagon since he had to sell his car leading to this difficult arrival of asbestos issues. 2. This answer could be stated here after considering the case of Toby Hagon buying the Great Wall Motor X240. As per his experience he had to face difficulties with the car leading to repair and many other bunch of maintenance. It is been seen that asbestos were found in the engine and exhaust system of the car thus leading to functional dysfunctioning. It also highlighted many other issues like slipping door seals, in operational parking sensors and missing number plate cover (Dorfman Cather, 2012). In case of asbestos problem the issues was reflected among any consumer. Now the company that sold this brand was Ateco. He had many distributions in Australia and knowing to the fact that this problem had arisen because of defect in manufacturing of car parts, necessary remedies did arouse. Now to properly recognise the issue with asbestos is a serious concern and is likely that most Australians had to face. In order to resolve this serious problem the company decided to put far of the trouble. After discovering this issue of asbestos serious supplication efforts were carried out. Ateco tried to change the engine component by changing the supplier parts on all new cars that were imported from China (Chance Brooks, 2015). This had however solved half of the issue pressing to the adjustment of working responding to settle down the problem. It however recovered the underlined statement that asked covering up the demands among the consumer handling to Ute X240 China cars. However, even after the swift respond to the problem Ateco did not properly handled the situation. It was accounted that even after letting continuous effort over replacement of car parts the change was not hidden and made a major threat to the contingency of the company. This was because the company did not inform the general public regarding the issue and made it under private concern (Walker Walker, 2012). This misstatement raised to the put forth many misleading effect among Australian seeing that asbestos pose a sensitive problem to which people might be affected with lethal disease mostly due to the continuous expose of car parts in the road. After more and more compensation funds for the victims of asbestos were arising and people those who posed threats were being support for damage that asbestos could cause. As the reality were shown at straight noting the claiming made by Ateco regarding the lethal substances used in the manufacturing and industrial materials (Dorfman Cather, 2012). Thus positioning the great sarcastic damage occurred could not be properly settled and people still had dismays regarding the assurance of cars notwithstanding to safety engines. This possibly mean that due to the negligence and poor built in materials the harness could lead Ateco meet its crisis noting a verge insignificant among peoples point of view (Dorfman Cather, 2012). It is hard cause to discuss that no matter what whether the company had broken any of the Australians law, people were asked to meet this resolve the issue in their own accord. 3. The problem faced between Ateco and their Great Wall and Chery brands laid to a disastrous end. In public opinion there were issues that could not be directly manageable. Now since China manufactured the cars having low standards and quality and after this issue was revealed among the customer, the reassurance claim that Ateco had pressed got tarnished. Knowing to the situation that Ateco had faced in this regard to asbestos handling met to demand public opinion (Walker Walker, 2012). Since the company tried to recall the response without revealing the problem to the general public it vast the knowledge and focus to turn from people perception about the brand and model. Again the manufacturing and industrial material equipment were of low quality made with lethal substance, it is evident that it would be a threat to the sale of product reducing the chances of gaining effective ranking in the market. If this situation is reflected with any organization, the main options that can be taken should meet people acceptance to the known prior statement to the public and need assurance among the people perception. One option that is considered for the general procedure of conducting is admitting for an apology in accordance to the distribution of faulty components (Chance Brooks, 2015). Since this is a concern about safety and health issues this major issue need to be overcome through replacing all component with similar new component with quality proof material and other related seen faults. This would require a sincere apology followed by the required overcoming steps that the organization should do behalf to meet the desired sentiments of public. Since public relations allow the recommendation from organization and take primitive surety to deal with people in the most convincing manner. It also has to bring back the companys prestige and in order to do that it must ask for look for diverse effect that indulges with protecting the image of the organization. The demand of the consumer must be fetched retrieving the positive perception and gain customer base. This will surely change the dimension of product process and other requirement opting to material and manufacturing issue and then trending as per the current market challenging its future prospect and moving in its realistic approach making decision (Canali, 2016). This will relate to the facts how public relation will feature hold to the changing new idea making revealing the adoption of the organization and coping with neutral analysis. This current development to ask a better vital effort is risk undertaking. This will however develop a bridge retaining full participati on of marketing mix through the framework of car component best fixing it in real terms. 4. This question reflects to the stereotype function and makeup and shape so as to develop a critical thinking amongst the people. Here the Toyota is renowned because of the high quality vehicle making. It has led to change the dimension of people perception leading to a branded manufacturer and producer (Walker Walker, 2012). The development areas are most targeting the peoples beliefs and motifs that will otherwise guarantee to retain best in market. People have accepted Toyota with a tactical view of satisfaction and assurance. Their radical decision is accompanied with showing of interest to bring a change in the market scenario where they show their participation (Chance Brooks, 2015). Now it can be confirmed that stereotypes are not always true. This is because of the facts that they do not convey the real message otherwise bringing a virtual image in people minds. In this case it is seen the partial reflection of this term when trying to tarnish the Toyota in order to recall the safety orientation for Hilux Ute (Bozarth Handfield, 2016). This case points to the effective utilization of stereotype function and putting in the break ends of rejuvenating the concept to form the Hilux Ute. In order to manage the impact building ways to press designed principles and ethical decisions either individual, group, organizations or brands will be affected. They have come as an ascent scope in determining their radical effort to show their directive towards proposing this statement (Alvesson Willmott, 2012). Moreover, even after knowing that stereotypes have no basis in reality they pose a handling measure to acknowledge the standards of the marketplace. The improving tactics will require presenting a highly peak statement that will maximize the need for recognizing the facts. Now that safety handlings are meant for increasing customer perception bringing good rapport and assurance, this measure will help in redefining the acquired knowledge among the audience. In case of individual they look for costs and enhancement, whereas groups always want for additional changes when procured seek for benefits overall. Organizations have rather a rational thought bringing about the prosperity and thus seek good branding and relevant changes to marketing and strategy making (Berg et al, 2015). Brands however opt for advertising and name promoting which is the result of new updates and serving the customer with innovative featuring and branding styles. Thus stereotype act as an assured factor that pr oduct production will brief the renewing analysis and its management. Changes in peoples perception would ultimately diverse the peaks and fronts of audience taste letting them come into the real adversity to indulge with (Huong Thi, 2015). References Alexander, K., 2013.Facilities management: theory and practice. Routledge. Alvesson, M. and Willmott, H., 2012.Making sense of management: A critical introduction. Sage. Anderson, D.R., Sweeney, D.J., Williams, T.A., Camm, J.D. and Cochran, J.J., 2015.An introduction to management science: quantitative approaches to decision making. Cengage learning. Berg, D., Mani, H.S., Marinakis, Y.G., Tierney, R. and Walsh, S., 2015. An introduction to Management of Technology pedagogy (andragogy).Technological forecasting and social change,100, pp.1-4. Bozarth, C.B. and Handfield, R.B., 2016.Introduction to operations and supply chain management. Pearson Higher Ed. Bhimani, A., Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Stratton, W.O. and Schatzberg, J., 2013.Introduction to Management Accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Canali, S., 2016. SOILVEG. Improving soil conservation and resource use in organic cropping systems for vegetable production through introduction and management of Agro-ecological Service Crops (ASC). Chance, D.M. and Brooks, R., 2015.Introduction to derivatives and risk management. Cengage Learning. Dorfman, M.S. and Cather, D.A., 2012.Introduction to risk management and insurance. Pearson Higher Ed. Haddow, G., Bullock, J. and Coppola, D.P., 2013.Introduction to emergency management. Butterworth-Heinemann. Hislop, D., 2013.Knowledge management in organizations: A critical introduction. Oxford University Press. Horngren, C.T., Sundem, G.L., Schatzberg, J.O. and Burgstahler, D., 2013.Introduction to management accounting. Pearson Higher Ed. Huong, H. and Thi, T., 2015. Management control process introduction and its reflection in Vietnam and Spain busines entities. Martin-Albarracin, V.L., Nuez, M.A. and Amico, G.C., 2015. Replacement of native by non-native animal communities assisted by human introduction and management on Isla Victoria, Nahuel Huapi National Park.PeerJ,3, p.e1328. Runyon, B.A., 2013. Introduction to the revised American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases Practice Guideline management of adult patients with ascites due to cirrhosis 2012.Hepatology,57(4), pp.1651-1653. Snyder, R., 2013. Lets burn them all: Reflections on the learning-inhibitory nature of Introduction to Management and Introduction to Organizational Behavior textbooks.Journal of Management Education, p.1052562913502481. Walker, J.R. and Walker, J.T., 2012.Introduction to hospitality management. Pearson Higher Ed. Wilkinson, A., Wood, G. and Demirbag, M., 2015. Erratum: Guest Editors Introduction: People Management and Emerging Market Multinationals.Human Resource Management,54(1), pp.175-175.

What is an ethical choice

Introduction All of us make choices each and every day. A number of our picks are sensible choices concerning what is going to turn out most excellent, in various ways. Those choices do not essentially entail to be correct or incorrect. They are all about effectiveness, accessibility, realism or inclination.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on What is an ethical choice? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More But then, a lot of our decisions touch on doing the right thing. Every one of these decisions entails thousands of points spinning within the brain. In a blink of an eye the human mind evaluates the details, looks at one’s thoughts, assesses the probable outcome(s), weighs the alternatives against one’s convictions and priorities, mulls over what other persons may think, and offers the cue for action (Arizona Character Education Foundation, 2010). Choices take place so fast but the end result(s) could sta y put for a lifetime. This is the reason as to why watchful deliberation is vital. It establishes the course of virtually every aspect of human life, and thus, the importance that ethical choosing holds. Ethics is a division of philosophy that concentrates on integrity. Integrity encompasses various ideas such as good and evil, right and wrong, etcetera. Ethics and ethical choice(s) Ethics refers to a band of values that guides people on the way in which they should go about in making various choices. There is no single individual with strong personality who goes about minus a code of morals. An ethical choice involves one doing more that he or she has to do. It is choosing to do what one has to do. Since operating with honor at times means not doing what one would like to do, ethical choices call for self-discipline (Miller, 2009, p. 34). An ethical choice entails making out the disparity between right and wrong. It is a dedication to do all that is right, respectable and principle d. It involves one asking themselves whether they are ready to bear the price for going ahead with an unethical decision.Advertising Looking for essay on ethics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The right or the ethical choice calls for guts. This is because it can cost an individual more in acquaintance, wealth, stature or gratification as opposed to what he or she may be willing to part with. The ethical decision is not normally the easiest way to go, however, getting used to saying no when one feels like saying yes builds character. How ethical choices are made Ethical choices require time and measured deliberation. To begin with, one has to reflect on the effect of his or her actions on all those involved and/or will be impinged on by the decision. Essentially, one has to establish whoever probably stands to be assisted or hurt, with the main aim being to ensure fairness to all. There are quite a number of basic rules for l ife and they include; trust, respect, accountability, evenhandedness, and caring, among others. An ethical choice involves the decision-maker questioning whether the choice taken is trustworthy, respectful, responsible, and caring (Arizona Character Education Foundation, 2010). Ethical choices which take into account the mentioned values outweigh and take precedence over unethical ones. The long term outweighs the short term. Once all these steps are followed and one is still uncertain if they will be making an ethical choice, then one would rather opt for the alternative that will turn out the majority good for a majority of people. To do away with unethical choices one is required to ignore matters having nothing to do with ethics for instance authority and fame and go with the most moral alternative left. Reference List Arizona Character Education Foundation. (2010). Making Ethical Decisions. Web. Miller, C. (2009). The Conditions of Moral Realism. The Journal of Philosophical Re search, 34.1: 123-155. Print. This essay on What is an ethical choice? was written and submitted by user Anderson Everett to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Impressment and the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair

Impressment and the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair The impressment of United States seamen from American ships by the British Royal Naval created serious friction between the United States and Britain. This tension was heightened by the Chesapeake-Leopard Affair in 1807 and was a major cause of the  War of 1812.   Impressment and the British Royal Navy Impressment denotes the forceful taking of men and placing them into a navy. It was done without notice and was commonly used by the British Royal Navy in order to crew their warships. The Royal Navy normally used it during wartime when not only British merchant sailors were â€Å"impressed† but also sailors from other countries. This practice was also known as â€Å"the press† or â€Å"press gang† and it was first used by the Royal Navy in 1664 at the onset of the Anglo-Dutch wars. Although most British citizens strongly disapproved of impressment as being unconstitutional because they were not subject to conscription for other military branches, the British courts upheld this practice. This was mainly due to the fact that naval power was vital to Britain maintaining its’ existence.   The HMS Leopard and the USS Chesapeake In June 1807, the British HMS Leopard opened fire on USS Chesapeake which was forced to surrender. British sailors then removed four men from the Chesapeake who had deserted from the British Navy. Only one of the four was a British citizen, with the three others being Americans who had been impressed into British naval service. Their impressment caused widespread public outrage in the U.S. At the time, the British, as well as most of Europe, were engaged in fighting the French in what is known as the Napoleonic Wars, with the battles starting in 1803. In 1806, a hurricane damaged two French warships, the Cybelle  and  Patriot, which made their way into Chesapeake Bay for necessary repairs so that they could make the return trip to France.   In 1807, the British Royal Navy had a number of ships, including the Melampus and the  Halifax, which were conducting a blockade off the United States coast in order to capture Cybelle and Patriot if they became seaworthy and left Chesapeake Bay, as well as prevent the French from obtaining much needed supplies from the U.S. Several men from the British ships deserted and sought the protection of the U.S. government. They had deserted near Portsmouth, Virginia, and made their way into the city where they were seen by naval officers from their respective ships. The British request that these deserters be handed over was completely ignored by local American authorities and enraged Vice Admiral George Cranfield Berkeley, the Commander of the British North American Station at Halifax, Nova Scotia. Four of the deserters, one of which was a British citizen - Jenkins Ratford – with the three others – William Ware, Daniel Martin, and John Strachan – being Americans who had been impressed into British naval service, enlisted in the U.S. Navy. They were stationed on the USS Chesapeake which just happened to be moored in Portsmouth and was about to embark on a trip to the Mediterranean Sea. Upon learning that Ratford had been bragging about his escape from the British custody, Vice Admiral Berkeley had issued an order that if a ship of the Royal Navy should find the  Chesapeake at sea, it was that ship’s duty to stop the Chesapeake and capture the deserters. The British were very intent on making an example of these deserters. On June 22, 1807, the Chesapeake left its’ port Chesapeake Bay and as it sailed past Cape Henry, Captain Salisbury Humphreys of the HMS Leopard sent a small boat to the  Chesapeake  and gave Commodore James Barron a copy of Admiral Berkeley orders that the deserters were to be arrested.   After Barron refused, the Leopard fired almost point blank seven cannon balls into the unprepared Chesapeake which was outgunned and therefore was forced to almost immediately surrender. The Chesapeake suffered several causalities during this very brief skirmish and in addition, the British took custody of the four deserters. The four deserters were taken to Halifax to be tried. The Chesapeake had suffered a fair amount of damage, but was able to return to Norfolk where the news of what had taken place quickly spread.   Once this news was made known throughout the United States which had very recently rid itself of British rule these further transgressions by the British was met with complete and total disdain.   American Reaction The American public was furious and demanded that the United States declare war against the British.   President Thomas Jefferson proclaimed that â€Å"Never since the Battle of Lexington have I seen this country in such a state of exasperation as at present, and even that did not produce such unanimity.† Although they were normally politically polar opposites, the Republican  and  Federalist parties were both aligned and it appeared that U.S. and Britain would soon be at war. However, President Jeffersons hands were tied militarily because the American army was small in number due to the Republicans desire to reduce government spending. In addition, the U.S. Navy was also quite small and most ships were deployed in the Mediterranean attempting to stop the Barbary pirates from destroying trade routes. President Jefferson was intentionally slow in taking action against the British knowing that the calls from war would subside – which they did. Instead of war, President Jefferson called for economic pressure against Britain with the result being the  Embargo Act. The Embargo Act proved to be highly unpopular with American merchant who had benefited for nearly a decade from the conflict between the British and the French, collecting large profits by conducting trade with both sides while maintaining neutrality. Aftermath In the end, the embargoes and economic did not work with the American merchants losing their shipping rights because Great Britain refused to make any concessions to the U.S. It seemed evident that only war would restore the United States autonomy in shipping. On June 18, 1812, the United States declared war against Great Britain with a major reason being trade restrictions which had been imposed by the British. Commodore Barron was found guilty of â€Å"neglecting on the probability of an engagement, to clear his ship for action,† and was suspended from the U.S. Navy for five years without pay. On August 31, 1807, Ratford was convicted by court-martial for mutiny and desertion among other charges. He was sentenced to death the Royal Navy hanged him from a sail mast of the HMS  Halifax – the ship that he had escaped from looking for his freedom. While there is truly no way of knowing just how many American sailors were impressed into the Royal Navy, it is estimated that over one thousand men were impressed per year into the British service.

Definition of Bleeding Kansas

Definition of Bleeding Kansas Bleeding Kansas was a term coined to describe violent conflicts in the US territory of Kansas from 1854 to 1858. The violence was provoked when the residents of Kansas had to decide for themselves whether to become a slave state or a free state.The unrest in Kansas amounted to a civil conflict on a small scale, and was something of a premonition of the full-scale war Civil War that was split the nation less than a decade later. The outbreak of hostilities in Kansas was essentially a proxy war, with pro-slavery and anti-slavery sympathizers in the North and South sending manpower as well as weapons. As events unfolded, elections were decided by outsiders flooding into the territory, and two different territorial legislatures were established. The violence in Kansas became a subject of fascination, with reports often being carred in the newspapers of the day. It was the influential New York City editor, Horace Greeley, who was crediting with coining the term Bleeding Kansas. Some of the violence in Kansas was perpetrated by John Brown, a fanatical abolitionist who traveled, with his sons, to Kansas so they might slaughter pro-slavery settlers. Background of the Violence The atmosphere in the United States in the 1850s was tense, as the crisis over slavery became the most prominent issue of the day. The acquisition of new territories following the Mexican War led to the Compromise of 1850, which seemed to settle the question of which parts of the country would allow slavery. In 1853, when Congress turned its attention to the Kansas-Nebraska territory and how it would be organized into states to come into the Union.  The battle over slavery began again. Nebraska was far enough north that it would clearly be a free state, as required under the Missouri Compromise of 1820. The question was about Kansas: would it come into the Union as a free state or a slave state? An influential Democratic senator from Illinois, Stephen Douglas, proposed a solution he called popular sovereignty. Under his proposal, the residents of a territory would vote to decide if slavery would be legal. The legislation put forth by Douglas, the Kansas-Nebraska Act, would essentially overturn the Missouri Compromise and allow slavery in states where the citizens voted for it. The Kansas-Nebraska Act was immediately controversial. (For instance, in Illinois a lawyer who had given up on politics, Abraham Lincoln, was so offended by it that he resumed his political career.) With the decision in Kansas approaching, anti-slavery activists from northern states began flooding into the territory. Pro-slavery farmers from the South also began to arrive. The new arrivals began to make a difference in voting. In November 1854 an election to choose a territorial delegate to send to the U.S. Congress resulted in many illegal votes. The following spring an election to choose a territorial legislature resulted in Border Ruffians coming across the border from Missouri to ensure a decisive (if disputed) win for pro-slavery candidates. By August 1855 the anti-slavery people who had come into Kansas rejected the new state constitution, created what they called a free-state legislature, and created a free-state constitution known as the Topeka Constitution. In April 1856 the pro-slavery government in Kansas set up in its capital, Lecompton. The federal government, accepting the disputed election, considered the Lecompton legislature as the legitimate government of Kansas. Eruptions of Violence Tensions were high, and then on May 21, 1856, pro-slavery riders entered the free soil town of Lawrence, Kansas, and burned homes and businesses. To retaliate, John Brown and some of his followers dragged five pro-slavery men from their homes at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas, and murdered them. The violence even reached the halls of Congress. After an abolitionist senator from Massachusetts, Charles Sumner, delivered a blistering speech denouncing slavery and those who supported it in Kansas, he was beaten nearly to death by a South Carolina congressman. A truce was finally worked out by a new territorial governor, though violence continued to flare until finally dying down in 1859. Significance of Bleeding Kansas It was estimated that the skirmishing in Kansas ultimately cost about 200 lives. While it was not a major war, it was important as it showed how the tensions of slavery could lead to violent conflict. And in a sense, Bleeding Kansas was a precursor to the Civil War, which would violently split the nation in 1861.

Global Talent Management and Improving Business Performance Essay

Global Talent Management and Improving Business Performance - Essay Example utually agree to the benefits and need of the GTM but still there are many issues that they face regarding the talent management at organizational level and at individual level which might be contradictory to one another. There may be two types of expatriate assignments that are given to employees who are a part of the multinational corporations. These assignments allow them to develop their talent on a global perspective as they receive assignments abroad and that helps them to develop significant skills to operate globally, to handle the global operations, and to spread the knowledge about globally spread operations in order to help the country networks and improve productivity to understand the business model. These expatriate assignments can be of two types which impact the organizational goals of GTM and individual level goals (Farndale, Pai, Sparrow, Scullion, 2014, p. 205). The expatriate goals can be organization-assigned expatriates which are often the ones which are assigned by the organization to send certain employees abroad who are deserving and talented. These employees have to live away from their families and shift abroad in order to fulfill the goals of their organization. This kind of expatriate assignments may not include the will of the employees always and some might find it extremely difficult to live away of their country and loved ones. Hence, the work gets affected and productivity would decrease. On the other hand, it would be a good option for the fulfillment of the organizational goals and GTM as it allows employees to understand and polish their skill in the international context (Farndale, Pai, Sparrow, Scullion, 2014, p. 206). Because of certain problems associated with this type of expatriation in the GTM, there have been two other strategies that are being used by multinational corporations. The first strategy is to reduce the number of organization-assisted expatriation assignments and promote rather other alternatives such as

Coffee Drinking Habits in UK Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Coffee Drinking Habits in UK - Assignment Example UK's market is predominately penetrated by tea and fruit juices and tea is the third largest non-alcoholic beverage used in the country. However, trends are changing as a new coffee culture is emerging in the country. Most and most consumers now prefer coffee because of the relaxed experience offered by the branded coffee chains. Initially, the trends emerged in the urban areas of the country however, it is picking up in the rural areas also thus the future may provide a much bigger market to cater. It is however, important to note that due to current economic crisis in the country with the possibility of negative growth in 2009, the consumers may reduce their spending on something which can be produced in their own homes too. It is also critical to note that consumers are increasingly becoming ethical in nature and prefer such organizations which offer products and services which are based on the sustainability products. As discussed in the case study that Starbucks leave its water taps open all the time give the whole issue a more ethical dimension and indicate that the future consumer buying patterns may be shift towards having more ethically responsible organizations with an strong sense of conserving the natural resources of the planet. Starbucks is predominately American in taste and it has been strong speculated that the growth can doubled if the taste is tailored according to the European flavor preferred in EU region. Europe, as a region has a very strong tradition of drinking coffee according to their own individual tastes and consumers are certainly missing that element into the coffee cup offered by Starbucks thus the product development trends may be directed towards creating the coffee tastes which suit the European consumers. Significance to Starbucks The market intelligence or market research is critical for the success of the firm because it provides them a larger base of information to decide upon where to invest or not thus market information basically provides insight into as to how to spend their money wisely and the information is used to the maximum benefit of the firm. (Callingham).From a marketing perspective, understanding the market is one the key steps in order to make an entry into the market. Understanding the market therefore provide a deeper insight into the size of the market. Based on this, marketers often tend to segment the same into different niches according to their individual target market based on different factors such as demographics, psychographics etc. As discussed above that almost 20 million people living in UK belong to working class with different levels of incomes earned therefore Starbucks has virtually a market which has 20 million customers to satisfy and with the increase in trends for preferring coffee over the traditional non-alcoholic drinks such as tea and fruit juices, the

Human Population Growth Essay Example for Free

Human Population Growth Essay No matter what organism you are talking about, all living things possess the ability to reproduce. This comes in two forms. The first form of population growth is Exponential Population Growth. The second is Logistic Population Growth. Exponential population growth refers to when a population is not subject to any limiting factors, it will grow and expand exponentially even past the capacity of the environment to sustain. Rabbits are a good example of this form of population growth, â€Å"Thus, the exponential growth model explains how a few dozen rabbits can multiply into millions and overrun a continent. † (Simon, Reece, Dickey, 2010) Logistic population growth refers to when a population reaches the capacity of the environment to sustain, the population growth declines. Fur seals of St. Paul Island are a good example of this, â€Å"After hunting was controlled, the population increased rapidly until about 1935, when it began to level off and started fluctuating around a population size of about 10,000 bull seals—the carrying capacity for St. Paul Island. † (Simon, Reece, Dickey, 2010) Humans tend to exhibit exponential forms of population growth. We rapidly reproduce and expand, exceeding the carrying capacity of the environment. This leads to us spreading to other areas and exceeding the carrying capacity there as well.

An Inspector Calls - Synopsis Essay -- English Literature

An Inspector Calls - Synopsis It's a comfortable night in springtime and the Birling Family and Mr.Croft are celebrating the engagement on their daughter Sheila to Mr.Croft. Its all going so well the whole family are wallowing in their self pride. There is a knock an the door, an inspector calls. As the inspector starts to break down the party, we start to understand more to the story. The inspector tells the group that there has recently been a suicide; by a girl name Eva Smith. He explains to the group how together it was of their doings that forced this girl to commit suicide. Mr Birling, a prosperous manufacturer employed Eva Smith at his factory. While working at his factory Eva Smith started a strike asking for higher pay rise which resulted in her sack. She managed to get a new job in a shop that was very popular among the Birling family. Sheila being the stuck up child that she is was shopping in there one day when she was trying on a certain garment and believed this Eva Smith was smirking at her. She complained to the shop resulting in Eva's second sa...

NFLDraft Busts

NFL Drafts are always an exciting time. So many predictions, so much expert analysis, so much time, money, and energy all spent on one goal: To decide which players will have success in the NFL. An enormous amount of hard work goes into drafting a single player. Teams spend countless hours, days, months, and even years trying to figure out which prospects have the greatest potential to find success. The NFL Draft consists of 7 rounds of all the rounds the first round is the most hyped and anticipated and understandably so as some of the best college players are drafted in this round.When drafted in the first round the future prospect has to live up to the enormous expectations that come with being drafted in the first round. Some go on to find success in the NFL and fulfill their duty as a first round pick, however there are many circumstances in which first round picks fail to live up to the expectations. In that scenario they are considered a â€Å"Bust†. Although first roun d picks have enormous pressure to perform well they are also very handsomely paid.In 2008, the average guaranteed salary for a first-round pick in the NFL was $11,924,000. For second-round picks, that number drops to $1,932,000, while third-round picks averaged $668,000 guaranteed. The steep drop illustrates the significant financial importance a higher draft slot has for a prospect. So it’s easy to see why there is so much pressure on first round picks. However the first round is not the only round of the draft there are six more rounds behind it. Teams can defiantly find talent in all rounds of the Draft.Hall of Fame quarterback Joe Montana was drafted in the third round, 3-time MVP Brett Favre was drafted in the 2nd round and 3-time Super Bowl winner and future Hall of Famer Tom Brady was drafted in the 6th round with the 199th overall pick. Even with all the great NFL Draft picks there are some really horrible and frankly stupid draft decisions. For every Tom Brady there is a JaMarcus Russell. With that being said we now break down the Top 10 worst draft picks in NFL history. Picks that cost their teams millions and the chance to draft future NFL stars and Hall of Famers. 10.Jeff George, QB, Illinois (1990 / Round: 1 / Pick: 1) The Colts traded to draft George, making him the first pick in the 1990 draft, and then rewarded him with the richest rookie contract in NFL history. What should have been a dream career with his hometown Colts turned ugly almost from the start? By the time it ended after four seasons with a trade to the Atlanta Falcons, he had made vile gestures to the hometown fans, argued with Coach Ted Marchibroda, held out for 36 days, and tried to get a trade. George would turn out to be a journeyman quarterback being on seven different teams.He had a passer rating of 80. 4 and threw for 27,602 yard with 154 Touchdowns and 113 interceptions. 9. Blair Thomas, RB, Penn State (1990 / Round: 1 / Pick: 2) Thomas was drafted by the New York J ets in the first round (second overall) of the 1990 NFL Draft. His NFL playing career spanned six seasons. Despite leading NFL rookies in yards-per-carry and AFC rookies in total yardage, he is widely considered another in a long line of Jets draft disappointments. Thomas rushed for only 2,000 yards and five touchdowns in his four seasons with the Jets.Thomas suffered a series of nagging injuries beginning in 1992 and was released by the Jets following the 1993 season. He began the 1994 season with the New England Patriots, but finished it with the Dallas Cowboys. He concluded his NFL career with the Carolina Panthers in 1995. 8. Akili Smith, QB, Oregon (1999 / Round: 1 / Pick: 3) Taken by the Cincinnati Bengals with the No. 3 overall pick in 1999 draft, Smith never grasped the complexities of the NFL game and failed to show the work ethic required to succeed in the league. He started just 17 games over four years with the Bengals, throwing just five touchdowns.He had two failed com ebacks with the Packers and Buccaneers before an uneventful, short stint in the CFL. As for life after football, in March 2010 Smith became a graduate football assistant at Cal. He was hired by head coach Jeff Tedford, who previously coached Smith at Oregon as offensive coordinator. 7. Lawrence Phillips, RB, Nebraska (1996 / Round: 1 / Pick: 6) Phillips was drafted sixth overall in the 1996 NFL Draft by the St. Louis Rams despite his considerable character issues; several teams with higher picks declared they passed on him because of his off-the-field troubles.Phillips played the 1996 and part of the 1997 seasons with the Rams before refusing to show for a team meeting and practice in a dispute with coach Dick Vermeil over playing time in November 1997. The Rams cut Phillips in 1997.. Phillips is arguably one of the biggest draft day blunders in NFL history, the Rams thought so highly of him that the team traded his predecessor, Jerome Bettis, to the Pittsburgh Steelers immediately after drafting Phillips, a trade that would later prove beneficial to the Steelers. After the Rams he played two games with the Miami Dolphins before being cut.He later played for the 49ers, CFL, AFL, and NFL Europe. His lone career highlight is an infamous one as he missed a crucial block on all-pro cornerback Aeneas Williams who proceeded to knock out Steve Young during a Monday Night Football game against the Arizona Cardinals. This injury would lead to the end of Young's career. Phillips had one run-in with the law after another after his playing career was over, none worse than the one that sent him to prison last December for attacking his girlfriend and driving his car into three teens.He is currently serving a 31 year prison sentence. 6. Charles Rogers, WR, Michigan State (2003 / Round: 1 / Pick: 2) The No. 2 overall pick in 2003 by Detroit lasted just three seasons in the NFL, and caught just 36 passes in his 14-game career. Poor attitude, injuries, and a drug habit contrib uted to his failures as an NFL player. After getting cut by the Lions in 2005, the same year the NFL suspended him for substance abuse, he had tryouts with the Dolphins, Patriots and Buccaneers in 2006, but was not signed. His career was finished.After his career was over Rodgers did not face much better off the field. He was arrested in September 2008 and charged with assault and battery of a female acquaintance. In December 2008, Rogers was sentenced to attend sobriety court or face jail time after violating his probation after testing positive for vicodin. In March 2009, Rogers was jailed for violating probation. On September 16, 2009, Rogers was arrested in Novi, MI for driving under the influence of alcohol after being found unresponsive behind the wheel of his car by police.Rogers was arrested again in Novi, MI on January 5, 2010, having passed out after drinking at an On the Border restaurant, which was a violation of a sobriety court order, and subsequently sentenced to a 93 -day jail term. And last month, Rogers was ordered to return $6. 1 million of his $9. 1 million signing bonus to the Lions because his drug use violated the terms of his NFL contract. 5. Heath Shuler, QB, Tennessee (1994 / Round: 1 / Pick: 3) Shuler was a first-round selection in the 1994 NFL Draft, taken by the Washington Redskins with the third overall pick.ESPN rated him the 4th biggest NFL Draft bust of all time. [3] He held out of training camp until he received a 7-year, $19. 25 million contract. The Redskins had fallen on hard times since winning Super Bowl XXVI, and Shuler was looked on as the quarterback of the future. However, Shuler's poor play contributed to a quarterback controversy with fellow 1994 draft pick Gus Frerotte. This was showcased when Shuler threw five interceptions in a game against the Arizona Cardinals. Shuler started only 18 games in his first two years with the team and was benched in his third year, as Frerotte went to the Pro Bowl.He was out of the N FL by 1997. As a pro, his career passer rating was a horrible 54. 3 and in 2004 ESPN rated him the 17th biggest ‘sports flop' of the past 25 years. Despite his NFL career being a disaster unlike most of the previous top draft busts Shuelr actually did something with his life. After retiring from the NFL, Shuler returned to the University of Tennessee and completed his education, graduating with a degree in psychology. He then became a real estate professional in Knoxville. His real estate company is one of the largest independent firms in East Tennessee.Shuler is a Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives, representing North Carolina's 11th congressional district since 2007. 4. Tony Mandarich, OT, Michigan State (1989 / Round: 1 / Pick: 2) He was the first round draft pick of the Green Bay Packers in 1989, second overall behind Hall of Fame quarterback Troy Aikman, and ahead of the third selection, Hall of Fame running back Barry Sanders, the fourth sele ction, Hall of Fame linebacker Derrick Thomas, and the fifth selection, perennial All-Pro cornerback Deion Sanders.In 1989, Sports Illustrated called him â€Å"The Best Offensive line prospect ever†. But his career led into what is considered by many to be one of the biggest busts in NFL history. The â€Å"Incredible Bulk† came into the league as one of the most hyped players in NFL draft history. Both scouts and media began haling Mandarich as the best offensive line prospect ever, touting his â€Å"measurables†, â€Å"He weighed 304, ran the 40 in 4. 65 seconds, did a standing long jump of 10'3†³, leaped vertically 30†³ and bench-pressed 225 pounds an unbelievable 39 times†. The No. overall pick of the Packers in 1989 never lived up to the incredible hype, and after just three disappointing seasons in Green Bay, he was cut. In an ironic twist Sports Illustrated featured Mandarich on its cover s again, however this time labeling him â€Å"The NFL's Incredible Bust† quite a stark contrast from the previous slogan of The â€Å"Incredible Bulk†. Mandarich later admitted to using steroids all throughout his college career at Michigan State yet he insisted that he played his NFL career clean. 3. Tim Couch, QB, Kentucky (1999 / Round: 1 / Pick: 1)The top overall pick in the 1999 draft was supposed to be the franchise quarterback for the newly re-coined Cleveland Browns. Drafted before Donavan McNabb there were high expectations for him in Cleveland. Their GM boldly predicted that Couch would win six playoff games. Although Couch did lead the browns to the playoffs most of his time in Cleveland was marred with boos, inconsistent play, and injuries. Couch was plagued by nagging injuries and an inexperienced offensive line; also he just simply didn't have the makings of an NFL quarterback.After getting cut by the Browns in 2004, he had two failed comebacks and also had a 2 year stint in the CFL. 2. Ryan Leaf, QB, Was hington State (1998 / Round: 1 / Pick: 2) Ryan Leaf at number 2 on the all time bust list? Is this a joke? No there is somebody who we believe is worse than Leaf but don’t get me wrong Leaf was one of the biggest busts not in just the NFL but in professional sports history. There were actually scouts out there who thought Leaf would make a better pro than Peyton Manning. THE Peyton Manning. Although that notion seems ridiculous now there were quite a few people who believed Leaf was the better QB.Good thing for the Colts they picked Manning over Leaf, too bad the same can’t be said for the San Diego Chargers. In the third game of his first season Leaf completed one of fifteen passes for 4 yards and fumbled three times in a loss against the Kansas City Chiefs. He was benched after throwing two touchdown passes and thirteen interceptions in nine games, and replaced by Craig Whelihan. After ten games, Leaf had thrown two more interceptions, passing for a total of 1,289 ya rds, with a 45. 3 percent completion rate and a passer rating of 39. Leaf had poor relationships with the media and his teammates.In one infamous locker room incident during Leaf's rookie year, he was caught on-camera screaming at San Diego Union Tribune reporter Jay Posner, â€Å"Just f**king don't talk to me, all right! Knock it off! † and had to be physically restrained by teammate Junior Seau. Another on-camera incident involved Leaf confronting a heckling Chargers fan during a practice session. Two coaches had to restrain Leaf and escort him off the field. Following more poor performances and injury problems, he was released by the Chargers after the season, with four wins as a starter in three years. Unfortunately for Leaf his life didn’t improve off the field either.He has been in trouble with the law multiple times and is currently serving 10 years of probation after pleading guilty in Amarillo, Texas, to eight felony drug charges and losing his job as an assis tant football coach at West Texas A&M. 1. JaMarcus Russell, QB, LSU (2007 / Round: 1 / Pick: 1) Presenting the biggest NFL Draft bust of all time. It will truly take great skill to be worse than JaMarcus Russell. Drafted number one overall in the 2007 Draft Russell turned out to be one of the worst draftees of all time. He was hailed as the man who could finally save the hapless Oakland Raiders.He was thought to return them to greatness. He was supposed to be the Franchise. Now he’s out of the franchise but not before talking $40 million and cementing his legacy as the worst draft pick EVER! Failing to reach a contract agreement with the Raiders, Russell held out through training camp and the first weeks of the 2007 NFL season, until September 12, 2007, when he signed a six-year contract worth up to $68 million, with $31. 5 million guaranteed. He is 7-18 as an NFL starter, which is the worst record by a quarterback who was a No. 1 overall pick. He threw for 18 touchdowns and threw 23 interceptions.He threw for 4,083 yards and had a passer rating of 65. 2 He is the fastest quarterback who was a top pick to be released by his drafting team. Russell lasted three years in Oakland. Russell was often cited as being lazy, overweight, and unintelligent. He showed up to camp weighing an astonishing 300 lbs! A ridiculously high number for an NFL quarterback. Although Russell’s numbers are superior to Ryan Leaf’s; Leaf only cost the chargers $11 million, JaMarcus on the other hand cost the Raiders $40 million. So there you have it JaMarcus Russell THE biggest Draft Bust in NFL history.

Education of women Essay

Daniel Defoe’s essay entitled â€Å"The Education of Women† was written to emphasis the value of education for women should be more than what is was. In para- graph 1 â€Å"†¦ us a civilized and a Christian country† Defoe’s target audience was for men and for those who follow the church and God. Eng- land at this time was dominantly of Christian faith and in this essay Defoe advocates more of God’s will rather than his own to establish his own credibility and moral high ground and Defoe is able to do this by raising this issue in the minds of his Christian  readership. Although there may not be too much weight behind his view on why women needed to be educated, with referencing God throughout the essay it becomes an effective reading with his target audience. He starts with his opinion then refers to God in the next sentence. This is a regular theme from start to finish and this captures his reader’s interest early on. Defoe included this rhetorical sentences in this essay and in paragraph 3 Defoe writes â€Å"the soul is placed in the body like a rough diamond, and must be polished, or the  luster of it will never appear†. His analogy is that if you don’t polish the diamond (women and educating) then they will never shine. In paragraph 3 he uses the term God in his next sentence. â€Å"If knowledge and understanding had been useless additions to the 1 Yorke sex, God Almighty would never have given them capacities; for he made nothing needless. † He states that God made women capable of learning and that none of God’s creation is unnecessary. Defoe believes women should be educated and educating them they would simply  become better wives and companions for men. As an example of this is in paragraph 5, he does not suggest learning practical subjects such as math and science but instead, he says that they should be taught† â€Å"†¦ in particular, Music and Dancing; which it would be cruelty to bar the sex of, because they are their darlings. But besides this, they should be taught languages† He also adds that they should read history books to be more ‘cultured’ so that they can â€Å".. understand the world, and to be able to know and judge of things when  they hear of them. † Defoe’s argument is that women as an equal. In paragraph 7 he writes â€Å"Women, in my observation, have little or no difference in them, but as they are or are not distin- guished by education. † Defoe summarizes in the last paragraph with this rhetorical sentence â€Å"I refer the Practice to those Happy Days (if ever they shall be) when men shall be wise enough to mend it. † Defoe implies that if man can change his views on education for women, then a woman would be educated will be seen as an equal amongst men.

Scaffold vs. Foliage essays

Scaffold vs. Foliage essays Nathaniel Hawthorne, an author who is known for his wordy novels, such as The Scarlet Letter, chooses to include symbolism as a great aspect of his writing. In The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne uses the symbols of the scaffold and the forest to depict the battles, which have challenged many of the characters internally. The scaffold in the center of the market place represents the harsh reality of the Puritan society. The forest, which is dark and gloomy, symbolizes the moods of some characters, as well as, an escape from the harsh judgment of civilization. Arthur Dimmesdale, a distressed individual, is troubled by the guilt that eats away at his mental and physical health. His dilemma and his struggles against his sin become evident in three scaffold scenes. In each of theses scenes, a progression is formed in which Dimmesdale first denies then accepts and finally conquers his sin. To Hester Prynne, the scaffold represents shame and punishment of her wrong doings. With the suffering of Hester, guilt and regret overcome Dimmesdale. The Scaffold is the symbol of redemption and judgment. In Chapter 3, Hester is sentenced to stand on the scaffold before God and her peers to receive judgment. In the middle of the book, Dimmesdale is able to stand up on the scaffold in the dead of night only to share his guilt with the sleeping town. At the end, Dimmesdale is able to gain the strength to confess his sin to town during day so that he may be spared of the guilt that ate away at his every bit of life in him. Without an escape, Hawthornes characters would have never come to life completely. This is the importance an idea such as the forest. In the forest, truth is embraced rather than forbidden. The knowledge that Hester has of the truth is a somewhat of a threat to the townspeople. That is why Hester and her daughter, Pearl, chose to live outside of town and outside of the forest so that they can ...

Face Culture in China

'Face' Culture in China Although in the West we talk about â€Å"saving face† on occasion, the concept of â€Å"face† (é  ¢Ã¥ ­ is far more deeply-rooted in China, and it’s something you’ll hear people talk about all the time. What Is 'Face'? Just like in the English expression â€Å"saving face,† the â€Å"face† we’re talking about here isn’t a literal face. Rather, it’s a metaphor for a person’s reputation amongst their peers. So, for example, if you hear it said that someone â€Å"has face,† that means that they have a good reputation. Someone who doesn’t have face is someone who has a very bad reputation. Common Expressions Involving 'Face' Having face (æÅ"‰é  ¢Ã¥ ­ ): Having a good reputation or good social standing. Not having face (æ ² ¡Ã©  ¢Ã¥ ­ ): Not having a good reputation or having bad social standing. Giving face (ç »â„¢Ã©  ¢Ã¥ ­ ): Giving deference to someone in order to improve their standing or reputation, or to pay homage to their superior reputation or standing. Losing face (ä ¸ ¢Ã¨â€ž ¸): Losing social status or hurting one’s reputation. Not wanting face (ä ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨â€ž ¸): Acting shamelessly in a way that suggests one doesn’t care about one’s own reputation. 'Face' in Chinese Society Although there are obviously exceptions, in general, Chinese society is quite conscious of hierarchy and reputation among social groups. People who have good reputations can buoy the social standing of others by â€Å"giving them face† in various ways. At school, for example, if a popular child chooses to play or do a project with a new student who’s not well known, the popular child is giving the new student face, and improving their reputation and social standing within the group. Similarly, if a child tries to join a group that’s popular and is rebuffed, they will have lost face. Obviously, a consciousness of reputation is quite common in the West as well, especially among particular social groups. The difference in China may be that it’s frequently and openly discussed and that there is no real â€Å"brown-noser† stigma associated with actively pursuing improving one’s own standing and reputation the way there sometimes is in the West. Because of the importance that’s placed on the maintenance of face, some of China’s most common and most cutting insults also revolve around the concept. â€Å"What a loss of face!† is a common exclamation from the crowd whenever someone is making a fool of themselves or doing something they shouldn’t, and if someone says that you don’t even want face (ä ¸ Ã¨ ¦ Ã¨â€ž ¸), then you know that they have a very low opinion of you indeed. 'Face' in Chinese Business Culture One of the most obvious ways in which this plays out is the avoidance of public criticism in all but the direst of circumstances. Where in a Western business meeting a boss might criticize an employee’s proposal, for example, direct criticism would be uncommon in a Chinese business meeting because it would cause the person being criticized to lose face. Criticism, when it must be, is generally passed along in private so that the criticized party’s reputation will not be hurt. It is also common to express criticism indirectly by simply avoiding or redirecting discussion of something rather than acknowledging or agreeing with it. If you make a pitch in a meeting and a Chinese colleague says, â€Å"That’s very interesting and worth considering† but then changes the subject, chances are they didn’t find your idea interesting at all. They’re just trying to help you save face. Since much of China’s business culture is based on personal relationships (guanxi å… ³Ã§ ³ »), giving face is also a tool that is frequently used in making inroads into new social circles. If you can get the endorsement of one particular person of high social standing, that person’s approval and standing within their peer group can â€Å"give† you the â€Å"face† that you need to be more broadly accepted by their peers.

Discoure Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Discoure Analysis - Essay Example The video shows how the power of a celebrity woman can be a reckoning force of change to the world. Angelina earns damehood with the queen for making a rare effort to contest a topic that has never been presented in the international summit (The Guardian, 2014). On the other hand, Eman Mohammed’s video on Ted Talk uncovers a gender-biased culture in Gaza. The video portrays a part of the world where a particular gender is not allowed to access certain areas. Eman is the only female photojournalist who works with male colleagues who marginalize her in the line of duty because of her gender. The video critiques unfair gender norms that exist in the community through a shocking revelation of hidden stories. Both videos depict a world that discriminates against women, but with powerful institutions that are ready to change the existing norms during a time of conflict. Both videos utilize a language that displays courage and confidence geared towards challenging the social norms existing in the world. Angelina Jolie’s gets her damehood, but she is not contented that the sexual violence is still an issue of concern in integral parts of the world. She vows to overcome international barriers by presenting in a global summit and using her celebrity figure to speak for sexual violence victims. Eman Mohammed makes a decision to appear in Ted Talk and ability to make a niche in a media career that is dominated by men. She narrates the hidden stories in the Gaza strip and exposes a community where she was bred on Ted Talk. Ted Talk is an international platform that attracts an audience from a large part of the globe. The platform does not deter her from telling the world about her challenges as a woman in her career as a photojournalist. Angelina Jolie is a female participant in the video that gets her an honorary recognition from the Queen of Birmingham. She plays the role of a sexual violence campaigner and a humanitarian for a topic that has haunted

Article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 12

Article - Essay Example For this matter, the article has also cited various countries where the business performance has increased as result of established relationship between culture and relationship marketing. These countries include Brazil, India, Russia, and China. This article is important especially with the dawn to globalization. The aspect of culture cannot be overlooked as it exhibits both threat and opportunity dimensions. This article is instrumental in disregarding the threat dimension and taking advantage of the opportunities. This research has been conducted to specifically evaluate the role played by various cultural aspects that determine the effectiveness of relationship marketing. Mainly, the report has described each aspect as dimensions and analyzed each of them through experiments and extensive research. In this article, Stephen, Samaha, Joshua Beck, and Robert (2014) assert that accounting for culture is essential for effective international relationship marketing. According to the results they obtain from various researches, they have provided a theoretical insight into how and when culture dimension regulates specific joints in the relationship marketing framework. Accordingly, individualism (states isolating themselves from the rest of the world in a globalized concept) is significant as it suppresses many relationship building strategies. The article has also considered the Uncertainty avoidance concept. Accordingly, this is the extent to which a certain culture feels vulnerable to unknown situations. This dimension presents itself as a barrier as it prevents acceptance of new risks and flexibility. As such, it will prevent effectiveness of integrating a particular culture in the relationship marketing. On the other hand, Masculinity to femininity was found to be independent variable as far as RM is concerned. Similarly, the model used in the article predicts

Ownership in Foreign Direct Investment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ownership in Foreign Direct Investment - Essay Example Some of these reasons are clearly envisioned in the case study on Genting International and includes the fact that transnational ownership give owners of companies the right and opportunity of benefiting from labor and investment laws that apply to both national companies and international companies. In the case of Genting International, because the company was based in Singapore, it had every right to participate in the bid if the bid had been opened to Singaporean companies alone. At the same time, the company was in position to undertake a foreign market entry as an international company. The reason that has made this situation possible in most cases is that the different owners who come from different countries have always registered parts of the company in their respective countries (Savior, 2009). When a bid for international companies arise therefore, it is the owner with registration in a different country who participants in the bid so as to create a foreign market entry. Ad vantages of the present Foreign Market Entry For Genting International and Las Vegas Sands who have own the two places available in the bid, there are several advantages that they are going to reap as foreign companies who have made investments in Singapore. The first of such benefits has to do with the fact that these companies are fortunate to be coming from an industry that could be described as relatively new in Singapore because of the ban on the operations of casinos that had been on the hospitality industry for a long time. Indeed, now that these companies are coming in with such a vast amount of investment, they are going to great a pioneering brand that would forever become a legacy in the casino industry in that country. If well monitored, this is going to be a major competitive advantage for future entrants into that sector of the economy. The reason for this assertion is that by the time new companies come in, these two companies might have had their names settling well with customers. They might have also created a very formidable organizational culture would be too familiar with their customer for the customers to change them. Without any doubt, tax moratorium that the two companies have ten years to benefit from because they are foreign companies is not something that can be overlooked as an important merit at all. In a recent research, it was discovered that 12% of companies that were liquidated in the United Kingdom from the year 1992 to 2002 suffered that fate because of their inability to grow beyond 2% a year (Gardener, 2007). Further investigations proofed that whereas these companies could not record 2% of growth over their total revenues, they were paying over 7% of taxes over their total revenues. In congruence, it could be said that these companies collapsed because of huge tax demands. This is certainly a situation that for the next ten years, the winning bidders are going to be exempted from. Clearly, the amounts of money that should have gone into the payment of taxes for all these ten years can be channeled to other sectors of growth, expansion and development. If for nothing at all, the companies can be investing these amounts in long term financial investment policies so that when they start paying taxes, they would not suffer any shocks in terms of decline of revenue. Challenges associated with the present Foreign Market Entry Genting International and

Funny Boy And Running In The Family | Analysis

Funny Boy And Running In The Family | Analysis Searching for identity is big theme in Postcolonial studies. Identity or the sense of belonging plays a major role in everyones lives. Identity tells us who we really are and where we have come from. Identity can be either positive or negative. It gives us the sense of pride in being who we are. If we do not identify ourselves with our surroundings or the people we come in contact with, we are lost. We feel as if we do not belong there and hence we feel as if we have lost our identity. Actually, the search for identity is an ongoing g process and there is no ending for it. Many would do anything to find their identity and to search for the place where they belong. In both Funny Boy and Running in the Family, the search for identity is the main theme. These novels bring forth the challenges that the main characters face in the search for identity. The setting of these two novels is in Sri Lanka. However, Funny Boys Arjie faced negative challenges thrown at him whereas Running in the Familys narrators (Ondaatje) journey of self-discovery is more towards the positive side. In this paper, I will the journey of self identification by the protagonists of the both novels that I mentioned above. In Funny Boy, we are exposed to the history of Sri Lanka, Arjies homeland. A country like Sri Lanka that has just gained independence from the colonizers strives to build and recapture its own identity which was stolen by the colonizing powers. However, to form a unitary identity is not easy because Sri Lanka is made up of different ethnicities and religious beliefs. The history of racial conflict between the Tamils and the Sinhalese in Sri Lanka plays an important role in Arjies life. The rivalry between Sinhalese (Buddhist) and Tamil (Hindu) inhabitants of Sri Lanka is caused by the differences in religion and custom. Salgado argues that the connection between language and ethnicity which substantiate the discrete ethnic markers of Sinhalese and Tamil, was very much the product of British orientalism, and was embraced by the Sinhalese who stood to gain from it (12-13). The Tamil minority from India migrated to Sri Lanka between the 3rd century BC and 13th century AD whereas the Indo-Aryan in who migrated in the 5th century BC created the Sinhalese population in Sri Lanka. Since, the Sinhalese are more in population compared to the Tamils; they hold much of the political power. For so long, Sri Lanka has been under the Western powers like Portuguese and British before it gained independence in 1948, with both Sinhalese and Tamils uniting their forces. Somehow, this unity did not last long because the Sinhalese immediately assumed power and began to marginalize the Tamils. They began to treat the Tamils so badly till the Tamils had to struggle to make their voice heard. The conflict reached its peak in 1956 when the Prime Minister Solomon Bandaranaike declared Sinhala as the national language and when Buddhism was declared as the official religion; the Tamils grew angry. Arjies father says in Funny Boy, when asked about the riots, Sinhalese wanted to make Sinhala the only national language, and the Tamils did not like this. So there was a riot and many Tamils were killed (61). The Tamils after much pain and suffering from denial of rights begin to fight to establish their own nation and this is evident in Funny Boy. There was a group in Jaffna called the Tamil Tigers. They wanted a separate country and the Sinhalese were very angry about this. Ammachi often talked about the Tigers. She was on their side and declared that if they did get a separate state, which they would call Eelam, she would be the first to go and live in it. Father told her she was mad. This made Ammachi even more angry and they had many disputes about the Tigers. (61) These political and racist power struggles heavily influence many chapters in this novel and especially when it reaches the climax in the last chapter, Riot Journal: An Epilogue. In Pigs Cant Fly, Arjie clashes with his cousin sister Tanuja and disagrees with the common social norm which forbids him from playing feminine games with girls. In Radha Aunty, Radhas and Anils love situation is almost similar to Romeo and Juliet love story. Radha is Tamil and Anil is a Sinhalese and they are forbidden to get married because they belong to different religion. In See No Evil, Hear No Evil, Daryl and Nalini endeavor to expose the corruption of the government, a fruitless effort in a corrupt and laden society. In Small Choices, Arjies father and Jegan had to battle against the racial stereotyping and violence, while in The Best School of All, Arjie and Shehan both defy the authority of the principal named Black Tie. At last, in the Epilogue the conflict between the Sinhalese and Tamils got wor st which is the beginning of the civil war. Furthermore, binary oppositions the self and the other exists in every chapter of this novel in a form of stereotyping every person in their own category. Ania Loomba says that, stereotyping involves a reduction of images and ideas to a simple manageable form; rather than simple ignorance or lack of real knowledge, it is a method of processing information. The function of stereotypes is to perpetuate an artificial sense of difference between self and other (55). In Funny Boy, Arjies grandmother Ammachi cannot accept Anil because she cannot see him beyond the stereotype. She cannot see Anil for more than just a Sinhalese. What did I tell you? She was getting a lit from a Sinhalese. Only a Sinhalese would be impertinent enough to offer an unmarried girl a lift (58). Society expects its people to choose sides and in return they will be protected accordingly. Conformity makes someone feel safe and it ensures ones survival. In a power struggle, when one party has the upper hand claim on the country and affirm other minorities will be marginalized. In the Empire Writes Back, Bill Ashcoft et al claims that in post-colonial societies, the participants are frozen into a hierarchical relationship in which the oppressed is locked into a position by the assumed moral superiority which is reinforced when necessary by the of physical force (172). In Small Choices Arjies father explained the things Tamils might get in trouble with in which the Sinhalese will face no problem. When my father had finished relating the incident, Amma said, You should have taken Jegans side. After all, he is more important than the peon. As Tamils we must tread carefully, my father replied. Jegan has to learn that. Even I have to circumspect when Im talking to the staff. If I was Sinhalese, like Sena, I could say and do whatever I liked. Amma sighed. Its so ridiculous, she said. What to do? One has to be realistic. (190). When the minorities do not have equal rights as the majority, this will lead to dislocation and alienation in their own country. This will result in vengeance and vendetta: You know, Sonali said, Sometimes I wish I was a Sinhalese or a foreigner. I dont, Diggy said. He glared at us again. Im proud to be Tamil. If those damn buggers come here, Illà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (196) Diggys reaction is understandable and its called retaliation. His reaction is much similar to the reaction of the Tamil Tigers. Tamil Tigers are consists mostly of young people who are unable to put up with Sinhalese demands and discriminations. Society draws a line between us and them so that people must confirm to either side, no matter how ridiculous it may seem. This applies to gender stereotyping as well. When asked why Arjie cannot play with his cousin sisters, his mother replies, It doesnt matterà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Life is full of stupid things and sometimes we just have to do them (20). So what will become for those who refuse not to belong to just one category? What if they exist in a third space; in between? In Arjies case, he belongs to the Tamil minority as well as in gay community. Homosexuality is not tolerated in Sri Lanka and therefore Arjie is marginalized twice than an average Sri Lankan. Hence, it will be harder for Arjie to feel accepted and to have a sense of belonging. However, there many instance in Funny Boy where the characters try to defy the norm of life and social rules to live their life their own lives. This is evident in Arjies monologue below. How was it that some people got to decide what was correct or not, just or unjust? It had to do with who was in charge; everything had to do with who held power and who didnt. if you were powerful like Black Tie or my father you got to decide what was right or wrong. If you were like Shehan or me you had no choice but to follow what they said. But did we always have to obey? Was it not possible for people like Shehan and me to be powerful too? (274) Most of the time, the characters who decide not to follow the social rules or everyday norms are secluded and alienated by their family and country and people. For an example, Aunt Doris, the director of the stage play Arjie was involved in chose to go against her Burgher familys wishes and married a Tamil man. This of course ended her relationship with her family. Even Arjie, after thwarting his principal and realize who he is and who he wanted to be with, thought to himself, As I gazed at Amma, I felt a sudden sadness. What had happened between Shehan and me over the last few days had changed my relationship with her forever. I was no longer a part of my family in the same way. I now inhabited a world they didnt understand and into which they couldnt follow me. (285) Here Arjie is talking about his sexual awakening but his feelings also apply to those who made choices that alienate them from the people and places they belong to. However, to Homi Bhabha the third space gives people like Arjie a chance to create a new identity. This third space allows them to transcend their position and go against those suppress and oppress them. It gives them power and freedom to transcend boundaries society rules. They get the best of both worlds. It gives them self empowerment to move on in life and its a place where the can voice out their opinions. Most of all the third space gives them sense of belonging and identity. The third space is a mode of articulation, a way of describing a productive and not merely reflective, space that engenders new possibility. It is an interruptive, interrogative,and enunciative space of new forms of cultural meaning and productive blurring the limitation of existing boundaries and calling into question established categorizations of culture and identity (Bhabha, 1994) Before Arjie is even aware of his tendencies, his family would have makes sure that any un-stereotypical gender fondness would have been eradicated by his family. His father who was afraid that Arjie might turn out funny forbids him to play bride-bride with his cousin sisters. Well, on the other hand when Arjie plays with boys he was called a girlie boy. This separates him from the possibility of being a girl or a boy. Gender stereotypes are enforced by families and society to demarcate the separate worlds of boys and girls. This leaves Arjie caught between the boys and the girls worlds, not belonging or wanted either (39). His exclusion from both parties suggests us that he inhabits some third space between these two. This third space is addressed as funny and it has a shameful connotation. According to Gopinath, challenging gendered spaces in this novel which is portrayed by the main character. This is because he allows the inner space to be something more than a site of gender agr eement. He allows gender and fantasy play. And by doing this he reveal[s] how non heteronormative embodiments, desires, and pleasures surface within even the most heteronormative of spaces (170-171). Throughout the whole book, we follow Arjies journey growing up and attempting to search for his identity. Arjies search for identity is similar to Sri Lankas own research for identity amidst the warring ethnics. If the focus is just among the Tamils and Sinhalese, what about the homosexuals, Burghers and Muslims? Arent they part of Sri Lanka as well? Even though all of them are different in many ways, they yearn for a place to call home where they can be safe and live without persecution. Funny Boy also puts the story of the everyday people of Sri Lanka in the spotlight. It doesnt focus on one party but it focuses more on the struggle these people went through to live in a Sri Lanka they all own. It is not about finding a balance between your identities, or trying to define within a particular one, Selvadurai explained. Rather, he said it is about being open-minded and being accepting of how others define you (www.thecannon.ca//shyam_selvadurai_funny_boy_on_campus). In Running in the Family, Michael Ondaatje narrates the quest to search about his father by re-conceptualizing the past and patching up the fragments of his family history. Ondaatje searches for his identity by retracing back his familys past, especially his father in Sri Lanka. During certain hours, at a certain years in our lives, we see ourselves as remnants from the earlier generations that were destroyed. So our job becomes peace with enemy camps, eliminate the chaos at the end of Jacobean tragedies, and with the mercy of distance write histories(179). The framework that Ondaatje uses is a fictionalized memoir. This allows Ondaatje to create his own form of reality and his own truths. This enables him to challenge boundaries between fiction and reality. Besides that, Ondaatje explores the autobiographical self and in his case, the quest for Mervin Ondaatje is an important detour in his search for his own identity. He uses the technique of searching about the other (his father) so that he can find his own identity. As Marlene Kadar points out, writing about life is the site of the other, and this other is autobiographical in one sense, and not at all in another (153).When Ondaatje is searching deeply about his familys and fathers roots he begins to shape his own roots. At the end of the book it is revealed that Ondaatje is the mirror image of his father. One could certainly claim that the end of the narrative is just the beginning of the discovery of the other (i.e. the father) through the self (i.e. the narrator) (Speaking Ones Truth: Reading, 3). In Running in the Family, Ondaatje uses the infusion of family tragedies, their life dramas, warmth and love to connect the dots and construct his identity. He includes both the public and private when he researches about his family past. By doing so, he is able to see the connections between his family and his colonial inheritance. As Patricia Hampl remarks, the truth memoir has to offer is not neatly opposite from fictions truth. Its methods and habits are different, and it is perhaps a more perverse genre than novel: It seems to be about an individual self, but it is revealed as a minion of memory which belongs not only to the personal world but to public realm (205). Sri Lanka is a country consisting of a complex social network because it is a multinational country which has many national and cultural identities. Ondaatje acknowledges Sri Lankas identity as hybrid and creolized nature. This almost similar to Ondaatjes family background: Every one was vaguely related and had a Sinhalese, Tamil, Dutch, British and Burgher blood in them going in back many generations. There was a large social gap between this circle and the Europeans and English who were never part of Ceylonese community. The English were seen as transients, snobs, and racists and were quite separate from those who had intermarried and who lived permanently. My father always claimed to be a Ceylon Tamil, though that was probably more valid about three centuries earlier (41). However, there is a tension between Ondaatjes endeavour to reunite him with his family and to keep a distance from his family so that he is able to break through his familys history from different points of view. It is as if when Ondaatje runs in with his family, he is also running away from his family. The running aids the author in a more complex search for his identity because it allows him to discover his identity in different forms. Here, Ondaatje is creating history while collecting data, fragments of both Sri Lankas and familys histories. As to fill in the gaps in his identity, he uses myth to provide explanations and to be as closer to the truth of that time and closer to the truth of his family. By researching his country of birth, he sees it as the other that he is constantly searching for. He is both the insider and the outsider who speaks for both the marginal and the central: I am the foreigner. I am the prodigal who hates the foreigner (65). Here Ondaatje represents the immigrants, immigration and culture. The framework of fictionalized memoir allows both writers to speak their souls truth (cf.Hampl, 203). The search of identity is a process where there is a need to rely on the national identity and family identities. Its like you cannot runaway from where you belong because they somehow make you who you are. Arjie and his family had to leave Sri Lanka because Sri Lanka was no longer safe to be their home and it was no longer where they belong whereas, Ondaatje has to come back to Sri Lanka because that is where he can find his identity through his familys history. Even though, Arjie and his family had to run to Canada to survive, they are still Sri Lankans and are part of that country. Arjies father sent Arjie to a different school so that Arjie wont turn out funny, Arjie found Shehan who strengthen his sexuality. When it comes to Ondaatje, even though he is settled in Toronto, Canada, he has to go back to his birth place to find his identity. He even has dreams of going back to Sri Lanka. At last, one had to admit that the main part of their identity depends on where you are born and where you came from whether you are accepting it or not. This is evident in Shyam Selvadurais Funny Boy and Michael Ondaatjes Running in the Family. Work Cited Ashcroft, B., Griffiths, G. and Tiffin, H. The Empire Writes Back. New York: Routeledge, 1994. Bhabha, H.K.(1994). The Location of Culture. London.Routledge Gopinath, Gayatri. Impossible Desires: Queer Diasporas and South Asian Public Cultures.Durham: Duke UP, 2005. Hampl, Patricia. I Could Tell You Stories: Sojourns in the Land of Memory. New York; London: Norton, 1999. Kadar, Marlene. Whose Life Is It Anyway? Out of the Bathtub and into the Narrative. Essays on Life Writing: From Genre to Critical Practice. Ed. Marlene Kadar. Toronto: U of T Press, 1992. 152-161. Loomba, Ania. Colonialism/Postcolonialism. 2nd Edition. New York: Routeledge, 2005. Ondaatje, Michael. Running in the Family. 1982. NCL ed. Toronto: McClelland Stewart, 1993. Salgado, Minoli. Writing Sri Lanka, Reading Resistance: Shyam Selvadurais Funny Boy and A. Sivanandans When Memory Dies. The Journal of Commonwealth Literature 39:1 (2004): 5-18. Selvadurai, Shyam. Funny Boy. United States: Harcourt Brace, 1997 www.academon.com/Essay-Identity-in-PostTexts/54654 Cached Similar www.hichumanities.org/AHproceedings/Miriam%20Rothgerber.pdf Similar www.thecannon.ca//shyam_selvadurai_funny_boy_on_campus